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diff --git a/group_velocity_1992_2003.bib b/group_velocity_1992_2003.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce03ee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/group_velocity_1992_2003.bib @@ -0,0 +1,2389 @@ +This file was automatically generated from entries from the ISI (Institute +for Scientific Information) databases of scientific and other academic +documents, using isi2bibtex version 0.4, a perl script which converts ISI or +BIDS format files to BibTeX format files for inclusion in documents typeset +using the LaTeX document processor. + +Try perldoc isi2bibtex for instructions, or read the script. + +This file generated on Wednesday 27th May 2003, from file +'/home/evmik/dl/CIW.cgi', which has no subject line. + +@ARTICLE{Xiao03, + author = {Xiao, M.}, + title = {Novel linear and nonlinear optical properties of + electromagnetically induced transparency systems}, + journal = {IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {86-92}, + abstract = {We describe some interesting linear and nonlinear + optical properties of three-level electromagnetically induced + transparency (EIT) systems, such as absorption reduction, sharp + dispersion change, and enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. These novel + optical properties are very useful in enhancing efficient nonlinear + optical processes, which can find applications in optoelectronic + devices. We present some experiments done in our group in the past + few years with three-level atomic systems, especially more recent + experiments with EIT medium inside an optical cavity. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{LeKienLH03, + author = {Le Kien, F. and Liang, J. Q. and Hakuta, K.}, + title = {Slow light produced by far-off-resonance Raman + scattering}, + journal = {IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {93-101}, + abstract = {The authors survey the theoretical and experimental + aspects of generation of slow light in a far-off-resonance Raman + medium driven by a strong coupling field. When material dispersion + is negligible, the propagation of two coupled sidebands can be + described in terms of two. normal modes that propagate + independently at different group velocities, one at the vacuum + speed of light and one at a reduced velocity. They use solid + hydrogen as a Raman medium to demonstrate the generation of slow + light. The numerical calculations and experimental observations + show that, due to high density, narrow Raman width, and small + two-photon detuning, far-off-resonance Raman scattering in solid + hydrogen can slow down the pulse-peak velocity of the Stokes and + anti-Stokes fields to the order of c/10000. This velocity reduction + affects the amplitudes of the Stokes and anti-Stokes fields via the + beating between the normal modes. the double-peak structure + observed in the intensity temporal profiles of the sideband fields + is a signature of the splitting of the copropagating, normal + modes.} +} + +@ARTICLE{DeyA03, + author = {Dey, T. N. and Agarwal, G. S.}, + title = {Storage and retrieval of light pulses at moderate + powers}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {033813}, + abstract = {We investigate whether it is possible to store and + retrieve an intense probe pulse using a medium that can be modeled + as a set of atoms with the relevant energy levels in Lambda + configuration. We demonstrate that it is indeed possible to store + and retrieve the probe pulses that are not necessarily weak. We + find that the retrieved pulse remains a replica of the original + pulse, although there is overall broadening and loss of the + intensity. The loss of intensity can be understood in terms of the + dependence of absorption on the intensity of the probe. Our + calculations include the dynamics of the control field, which + becomes especially important as the intensity of the probe pulse + increases. We use the adiabatic theory of Grobe [Phys. Rev. Lett. + 73, 3183 (1994)] to understand our numerical results on the storage + and retrieval of light pulses at moderate powers. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{BigelowLB03, + author = {Bigelow, M. S. and Lepeshkin, N. N. and Boyd, R. W.}, + title = {Observation of ultraslow light propagation in a ruby + crystal at room temperature}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {90}, + pages = {113903}, + abstract = {We have observed slow light propagation with a group + velocity as low as 57.5+/-0.5 m/s at room temperature in a ruby + crystal. A quantum coherence effect, coherent population + oscillations, produces a very narrow spectral "hole" in the + homogeneously broadened absorption profile of ruby. The resulting + rapid spectral variation of the refractive index leads to a large + value of the group index. We observe slow light propagation both + for Gaussian-shaped light pulses and for amplitude modulated + optical beams in a system that is much simpler than those + previously used for generating slow light. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{FicekSSAB03, + author = {Ficek, Z. and Seke, J. and Soldatov, A. V. and Adam, + G. and Bogolubov, N. N.}, + title = {Multilevel coherence effects in a two-level atom + driven by a trichromatic field}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {217}, + pages = {299-309}, + abstract = {We study the absorption and dispersion properties of a + weak probe field monitoring a two-level atom driven by a + trichromatic field. We calculate the steady-state linear + susceptibility and find that the system can produce a number of + multilevel coherence effects predicted for atoms composed of three + and more energy levels. Although the atom has only one transition + channel, the multilevel effects are possible because there are + multichannel transitions between dressed states induced by the + driving field. In particular, we show that the system can exhibit + multiple electromagnetically induced transparency and can also + produce a strong amplification at the central frequency which is + not attributed to population inversion in both the atomic bare + states and in the dressed atomic states. Moreover, we show that the + absorption and dispersion of the probe field is sensitive to the + initial relative phase of the components of the driving field. In + addition, we show that the group velocity of the probe field can be + controlled by changing the initial relative phases or frequencies + of the driving fields and can also be varied from subluminal to + superluminal. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{JuzeliunasMF03, + author = {Juzeliunas, G. and Masalas, M. and Fleischhauer, M.}, + title = {Storing and releasing light in a gas of moving atoms}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {023809}, + abstract = {We propose a scheme of storing and releasing pulses or + cw beams of light in a moving atomic medium illuminated by two + stationary and spatially separated control lasers. The method is + based on electromagnetically induced transparency but in contrast + to previous schemes, storage and retrieval of the probe pulse can + be achieved at different locations and without switching off the + control laser. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{AgarwalD03, + author = {Agarwal, G. S. and Dasgupta, S.}, + title = {Laser-induced breakdown of the magnetic-field-reversal + symmetry in the propagation of unpolarized light}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {023814}, + abstract = {We show how a medium, under the influence of a + coherent control field that is resonant or close to resonance to an + appropriate atomic transition, can lead to very strong asymmetries + in the propagation of unpolarized light when the direction of the + magnetic field is reversed. We show how electromagnetically induced + transparency (EIT) can be used in atomic vapor to mimic this + magnetochiral effect that occurs in natural systems. EIT can + produce much larger asymmetry than the well-known magnetochiral + effect as we use the dipole-allowed transitions here. Using + density-matrix calculations we present results for the breakdown of + the magnetic-field-reversal symmetry for two different atomic + configurations. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{GreentreeRVDdSM03, + author = {Greentree, A. D. and Richards, D. and Vaccaro, J. A. + and Durrant, A. V. and de Echaniz, S. R. and Segal, D. M. and + Marangos, J. P.}, + title = {Intensity-dependent dispersion under conditions of + electromagnetically induced transparency in coherently prepared + multistate atoms}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {023818}, + abstract = {Interest in lossless nonlinearities has focussed on + the dispersive properties of Lambda systems under conditions of + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We generalize the + Lambda system by introducing further degenerate states to realize a + "chain Lambda" atom where multiple coupling of the probe field + significantly enhances the intensity-dependent dispersion without + compromising the EIT condition. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ZhuL02, + author = {Zhu, K. D. and Li, W. S.}, + title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency mediated by + phonons in strongly coupled exciton-phonon systems}, + journal = {Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {75}, + pages = {861-864}, + abstract = {It is shown theoretically that electromagnetically + induced transparency (EIT), due to strong exciton-phonon coupling + can occur in strongly coupled exciton-phonon systems such as + polymers and organic semiconductors and lead to ultra-slow light + effects. The results indicate that the strong coupling of excitons + and phonons is important, but the excitonexciton interaction + plays a small role in the generation of the EIT. Numerical results + for polydiacetylene-toluene sulfonate are also presented. This EIT + in a solid-state medium might be utilized for efficient multiwave + mixing and quantum nondemolition measurements, as well as for novel + acousto- optical devices. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{HaasK03, + author = {Haas, M. and Keitel, C. H.}, + title = {Low group velocity of light without an extra driving + laser field}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {216}, + pages = {385-389}, + abstract = {Coherent light pulse propagation is investigated in a + medium of three-level atoms with two possibly closely spaced upper + levels without the presence of any auxiliary driving laser fields. + We derive an analytic expression for the group velocity in this + system and demonstrate that it may be very low along with a small + pulse distortion for a certain range of intensities. The group + velocity is shown to depend sensitively on the upper level + splitting and may thus be conveniently controlled by a magnetic + field rather than an extra laser field. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science + B.V. All rights reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{AlzarCGSN03, + author = {Alzar, C. L. G. and Cruz, L. S. and Gomez, J. G. A. + and Santos, M. F. and Nussenzveig, P.}, + title = {Super-Poissonian intensity fluctuations and + correlations between pump and probe fields in Electromagnetically + Induced Transparency}, + journal = {Europhys. Lett.}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {61}, + pages = {485-491}, + abstract = {We have measured the intensity fluctuations of pump + and probe beams after interaction with Rb atoms in a situation of + Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. Both fields present + super-Poissonian statistics and their intensities become + correlated, in good qualitative agreement with theoretical + predictions in which both fields are treated quantummechanically. + The intensity correlations measured are a first step towards the + observation of entanglement between the fields. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{AkulshinCSHO03, + author = {Akulshin, A. M. and Cimmino, A. and Sidorov, A. I. and + Hannaford, P. and Opat, G. I.}, + title = {Light propagation in an atomic medium with steep and + signreversible dispersion}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {011801}, + abstract = {We show that ground-state Zeeman coherence prepared by + twophoton Raman transitions in alkali atoms results in steep + controllable and sign-reversible dispersion. Pulse propagation with + small negative as well as positive group velocity of light (-c/5100 + and c/41 000) in a Cs vapor cell is reported. Energy exchange + between copropagating light components through long- lived Zeeman + coherence with enhanced absorption or transmission has been + observed. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KlimovSDY03, + author = {Klimov, A. B. and Sanchez-Soto, L. L. and Delgado, J. + and Yustas, E. C.}, + title = {Phase states for a three-level atom interacting with + quantum fields}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2003}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {013803}, + abstract = {We introduce phase operators associated with the + algebra su(3), which is the appropriate tool to describe + three-level systems. The rather unusual properties of this phase + are caused by the small dimension of the system and are explored in + detail. When a three-level atom interacts with a quantum field in a + cavity, a polynomial deformation of this algebra emerges in a + natural way. We also introduce a polar decomposition of the + atom-field relative amplitudes that leads to a Hermitian + relative-phase operator, whose eigenstates correctly describe the + corresponding phase properties. We claim that this is the natural + variable to deal with quantum interference effects in atom-field + interactions. We find the probability distribution for this + variable and study its time evolution in some special cases. + } +} + + +@ARTICLE{RostovtsevPLJ02, + author = {Rostovtsev, Y. and Protsenko, I. and Lee, H. and + Javan, A.}, + title = {From laser-induced line narrowing to + electromagnetically induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened + system}, + journal = {J. Mod. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {2501-2516}, + abstract = {The laser-induced line narrowing effect in Doppler + broadened systems was discovered thirty years ago. We have + revisited this effect to determine its role for dense gases where + recent experimental studies have found many intriguing atomic + coherence effects. Using the density matrix approach, we study the + width of electromagnetically induced transparency under different + regimes of broadening. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{RostovtsevKS02, + author = {Rostovtsev, Y. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Scully, M. + O.}, + title = {Stop and go control of light in hot atomic gases}, + journal = {J. Mod. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {2637-2643}, + abstract = {We consider a new way to trap light pulses inside a + gaseous medium by using additional electromagnetic fields. The + drive field controls the transparency and the dispersion of the + medium. Applied auxiliary fields provide additional control on the + propagation of the probe pulse via the dragging effect resulting + from the population redistribution between hyperfine levels of + different velocity groups. The density matrix calculation is + performed to prove that these effects are experimentally feasible. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KuznetsovaKHS02, + author = {Kuznetsova, E. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Hemmer, P. + and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Atomic interference phenomena in solids with a + long-lived spin coherence}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {063802}, + abstract = {We generalize the theory of electromagnetically + induced transparency (EIT) and slow group velocity for the case of + the homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening in both oneand + two-photon transitions which unavoidably takes place in solid + materials with a long-lived spin coherence. We identify regimes of + EIT where the linewidth can be essentially reduced due to + inhomogeneous broadening and, moreover, can be proportional to the + amplitude of the driving field rather than the intensity. We + suggest also a class of solid materials, namely, rare-earth ion + doped semiconductors or dielectrics with electricdipole allowed + transitions, that is very promising for realization and + applications of EIT. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{PatnaikLH02, + author = {Patnaik, A. K. and Liang, J. Q. and Hakuta, K.}, + title = {Slow light propagation in a thin optical fiber via + electromagnetically induced transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {063808}, + abstract = {We propose a configuration that utilizes + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to tailor a fiber + mode propagating inside a thin optical fiber and coherently control + its dispersion properties to drastically reduce the group velocity + of the fiber mode. The key to this proposal is that the evanescent + field of the thin fiber strongly couples with the surrounding + active medium, so that the EIT condition is met by the medium. We + show how the properties of the fiber mode are modified due to the + EIT medium, both numerically and analytically. We demonstrate that + the group velocity of the modified fiber mode can be drastically + reduced (approximate to44 m/sec) using the coherently prepared + orthohydrogen doped in a matrix of parahydrogen crystal as the EIT + medium.} +} + +@ARTICLE{HuDLL02, + author = {Hu, Z. F. and Du, C. G. and Li, D. J. and Li, S. Q.}, + title = {Atomic interaction effects on electromagnetically + induced transparency and slow light in ultracold Bose gas}, + journal = {Chin. Phys. Lett.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {1805-1807}, + abstract = {We investigate electromagnetically induced + transparency and slow group velocity of light in ultracold Bose gas + with a twophoton Raman process. The properties of + electromagnetically induced transparency and light speed can be + changed by controlling the atomic interaction. Atomic interaction + can be used as a knob to control the optical properties of atomic + media. This can be realized in experiment by using the Feshbach + resonance technique. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{HongJYM02, + author = {Hong, T. and Jack, M. W. and Yamashita, M. and Mukai, + T.}, + title = {Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity for self-action via atomic + coherence in a four-level atomic system}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {214}, + pages = {371-380}, + abstract = {Enhancement of optical Kerr nonlinearity for + self-action by electro-magnetically induced transparency in a + four-level atomic system including dephasing between the ground + states is studied in detail by solving the density matrix equations + for the atomic levels. We discern three major contributions, from + energy shifts of the ground states induced by the probe light, to + the third-order susceptibility in the four-level system. In this + four-level system with the frequency-degenerate probes, quantum + interference amongst the three contributions can, not only enhance + the third-order susceptibility more effectively than in the + three-level system with the same characteristic parameters, but + also make the ratio between its real and imaginary part + controllable. Due to dephasing between the two ground states and + constructive quantum interference, the most effective enhancement + generally occurs at an offset that is determined by the atomic + transition frequency difference and the coupling Rabi frequency. + (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{PayneDSA02, + author = {Payne, M. G. and Deng, L. and Schmitt, C. and + Anderson, S.}, + title = {Studies of group-velocity reduction and pulse + regeneration with and without the adiabatic approximation}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {043802}, + abstract = {We present a detailed semiclassical study of the + propagation of a pair of optical fields in resonant media with and + without the adiabatic approximation. In the case of nearand + on-resonance excitation, we show detailed calculations, both + analytical and numerical, of the extremely slowly propagating probe + pulse and the subsequent regeneration of a pulse via a coupling + laser. Further discussions of the adiabatic approximation provide + much subtle understanding of the process, including the effect on + the bandwidth of the regenerated optical field. We show that the + adiabatic condition does not generally predict that the regenerated + field will have the same bandwidth as that of the original probe + pulse. Indeed, we show analytically that for a set of coupling + pulses well satisfying the adiabatic conditions, the regenerated + field usually has a different bandwidth from the original probe + pulse. For very-far-off resonance excitations, we show that the + analytical solution is nearly detuning independent, providing a + simple condition is satisfied. This surprising result is vigorously + tested and compared to numerical calculations with very good + agreement.} +} + +@ARTICLE{GodoneLM02, + author = {Godone, A. and Levi, F. and Micalizio, S.}, + title = {Slow light and superluminality in the coherent + population trapping maser}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {043804}, + abstract = {The propagation of a band-limited light pulse through + an atomic medium under a A excitation scheme is theoretically + analyzed in this paper. We consider in particular the case where + the light pulse is detected through the coherent microwave emission + of the atomic ensemble (coherent population trapping maser). + Significant differences are predicted with respect to the more + usual optical detection (electromagnetically induced transparency + signal) and found in agreement with the experimental results. + Higher signal delays were observed m the microwave emission than in + the optical signal with an equivalent group velocity of 6 m/s as + well as highly superluminal propagation under a proper modulation + scheme. The experiments were performed with a thermal Rb-87 vapor + in buffer gas. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ThanopulosS02, + author = {Thanopulos, I. and Shapiro, M.}, + title = {Slowing down of light by laser induced barrier + hopping}, + journal = {J. Chem. Phys.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {117}, + pages = {8404-8411}, + abstract = {We suggest that a very significant reduction in the + group velocity of light occurs in a laser induced barrier-hopping + process, known as "Laser Catalysis.'' In this process a system is + made to hop over a potential barrier via a virtual transition to an + excited bound state. As in electromagnetically induced transparency + (EIT), the light absorption is predicted to dip to zero at a + certain frequency, thereby also changing the refractive index, + inducing in turn the slowing down of the group velocity of the + light. In contrast to EIT, a single pulse is predicted to induce + its own transparency and in contrast to self-induced transparency + the process is predicted to be insensitive to the pulse area (as + long as the pulse is intense enough to meet the adiabaticity + criterion). Thus, the medium becomes transparent to the light, as + the laser induced barrierhopping process brings about a + fundamental change in the medium. (C) 2002 American Institute of + Physics. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{AkulshinCO02, + author = {Akulshin, A. M. and Cimmino, A. and Opat, G. I.}, + title = {Negative group velocity of a light pulse in cesium + vapour}, + journal = {Quantum Electron.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {567-569}, + abstract = {Electromagnetically induced absorption in cesium + vapour causes an extremely strong anomalous dispersion, leading to + the propagation of radiation at a low negative group velocity V-g. + As a result, a resonance light pulse appears from the medium before + than a nonresonance pulse. The advance time measured in the + experiment corresponds to the group velocity V-g approximate to + -c/3600, which is an order of magnitude lower than that reported by + Wang L.J., et al. Nature, 406, 277 (2000). + } +} + +@ARTICLE{DengHP02, + author = {Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Payne, M. G.}, + title = {Optical wave group velocity reduction in sodium + without onresonance electromagnetically induced transparency}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {212}, + pages = {101-105}, + abstract = {A Raman scheme for optical-pulse group velocity + reduction is applied to a pure lifetime broadened sodium atomic + system. In addition to the significant reduction of group velocity, + probe field loss and smaller pulse distortion, as expected for such + a scheme, we also investigate possible dipole moment combinations + for the optimum probe pulse propagation. We show that the nuclear + spin of sodium atomic system and proper laser coupling scheme can + conspire to dramatically reduce the influence of any nearby state + in a multi-level system, making it a nearly perfect 3-level system. + (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KozumaADHP02, + author = {Kozuma, M. and Akamatsu, D. and Deng, L. and Hagley, + E. W. and Payne, M. G.}, + title = {Steep optical-wave group-velocity reduction and + "storage" of light without on-resonance electromagnetically induced + transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {031801}, + abstract = {We report on experimental investigation of + optical-pulse groupvelocity reduction and probe-pulse + "regeneration" using a Raman scheme. This scheme, which does not + rely on the commonly used on-one-photon-resonance + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) process, has many + advantages over the conventional method that critically relies on + the transparency window created by an EIT process. We demonstrate + significant reduction of the group velocity, less probe-field loss, + reduced probe-pulse distortion, and high probe-pulse regeneration + efficiency. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{SoljacicJFIIJ02, + author = {Soljacic, M. and Johnson, S. G. and Fan, S. H. and + Ibanescu, M. and Ippen, E. and Joannopoulos, J. D.}, + title = {Photonic-crystal slow-light enhancement of nonlinear + phase sensitivity}, + journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {2052-2059}, + abstract = {We demonstrate how slow group velocities of light, + which are readily achievable in photonic-crystal systems, can + dramatically increase the induced phase shifts caused by small + changes in the index of refraction. Such increased phase + sensitivity may be used to decrease the sizes of many devices, + including switches, routers, all-optical logical gates, wavelength + converters, and others. At the same time a low group velocity + greatly decreases the power requirements needed to operate these + devices. We show how these advantages can be used to design + switches smaller than 20 mum x 200 mum in size by using readily + available materials and at modest levels of power. With this + approach, one could have similar to10(5) such devices on a surface + that is 2 cm x 2 cm, making it an important step towards + large-scale all-optical integration. (C) 2002 Optical Society of + America. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{DengHKP02, + author = {Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Kozuma, M. and Payne, + M. G.}, + title = {Optical-wave group-velocity reduction without + electromagnetically induced transparency (vol A 65, art no 051805, + 2002)}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {029903}, + abstract = {} +} + +@ARTICLE{CerboneschiRA02, + author = {Cerboneschi, E. and Renzoni, F. and Arimondo, E.}, + title = {Quantum interference and slow light propagation in + cold samples of open three-level atoms}, + journal = {J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {S267-S272}, + abstract = {We investigate theoretically the propagation of a + probe laser pulse through a cold sample of three-level atoms in the + presence of a strong coupling field. Our numerical analysis shows + that the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon + produces very small group velocities for the probe pulse even if + the three-level atomic system is open, i.e. in the presence of + decay channels to levels not excited by the laser radiation. The + role of the atomic momentum on the slow light propagation is + briefly discussed. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{PaspalakisK02, + author = {Paspalakis, E. and Knight, P. L.}, + title = {Transparency, slow light and enhanced nonlinear optics + in a four-level scheme}, + journal = {J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {S372-S375}, + abstract = {We analyse the interaction of three laser fields with + a fourlevel quantum system in a tripod configuration. We obtain + an analytical expression for the steady state linear susceptibility + of a probe laser field and show that the system can exhibit double + electromagnetically induced transparency with controlled group + velocity. We also show that a coherently prepared tripod scheme can + be used for efficient nonlinear generation of new laser fields. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ArkhipkinT02, + author = {Arkhipkin, V. G. and Timofeev, I. V.}, + title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency; writing, + storing, and reading short optical pulses}, + journal = {Jetp Lett.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {76}, + pages = {66-70}, + abstract = {The spatiotemporal propagation dynamics of a weak + probe pulse in an optically dense medium of three-level atoms is + studied in the adiabatic approximation under conditions of + electromagnetically induced transparency. The atomic coherence + induced at the dipole-forbidden transitions is found to be + spatially localized. This effect is used for the analysis of the + reversible writing (reading) of short optical pulses. The method of + pulse time reversal is suggested. (C) 2002 MAIK + "Nauka/Interperiodica". + } +} + +@ARTICLE{WangZ02, + author = {Wang, K. and Zhu, S.}, + title = {Storage states in ultracold collective atoms}, + journal = {Eur. Phys. J. D}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {281-292}, + abstract = {We present a complete theoretical description of + atomic storage states in the multimode framework by including + spatial coherence in atomic collective operators and atomic storage + states. We show that atomic storage states are Dicke states with + the maximum cooperation number. In some limits, a set of multimode + atomic storage states has been established,in correspondence with + multimode Fock states of the electromagnetic field. This gives + better understanding of both the quantum and coherent information + of optical field can be preserved and recovered in ultracold + medium. In this treatment, we discuss in detail both the adiabatic + and dynamic transfer of quantum information between the field and + the ultracold medium.} +} + +@ARTICLE{JavanKLS02, + author = {Javan, A. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Lee, H. and + Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Narrowing of electromagnetically induced transparency + resonance in a Doppler-broadened medium}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {013805}, + abstract = {We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a + Doppler-broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low + intensity of the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to + the square root of intensity and is independent of the Doppler + width, similar to the laser-induced line narrowing effect described + by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we recover the + usual power-broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional + to the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{PaspalakisK02, + author = {Paspalakis, E. and Knight, P. L.}, + title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency and + controlled group velocity in a multilevel system}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {015802}, + abstract = {We analyze the interaction of N laser fields with a + (N+1)-level quantum system. A general analytic expression for the + steadystate linear susceptibility for a probe-laser field is + obtained and we show that the system can exhibit multiple + electromagnetically induced transparency, with at most N-1 + transparency windows occurring in the system. The group velocity of + the probe-laser pulse can also be controlled.} +} + +@ARTICLE{DengHKAP02, + author = {Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Kozuma, M. and + Akamatsu, D. and Payne, M. G.}, + title = {Achieving very-low-loss group velocity reduction + without electromagnetically induced transparency}, + journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {81}, + pages = {1168-1170}, + abstract = {A Raman method is studied experimentally for potential + opticalwave group velocity reduction in resonant medium. + Specifically, we show that the proposed method can achieve + significant group velocity reduction comparable to the conventional + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) method that had been + exclusively used to date. In addition, we show that this method has + a significantly lower loss compared to the EIT method, and has rich + dynamics such as probe pulse narrowing. Such features have + applications in the domain of telecommunication technology. (C) + 2002 American Institute of Physics. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{CerboneschiRA02, + author = {Cerboneschi, E. and Renzoni, F. and Arimondo, E.}, + title = {Dynamics of slow-light formation}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {208}, + pages = {125-130}, + abstract = {We investigate theoretically the phenomenon of slow + light in a cold sample of open three-level atoms interacting with + the two light fields in the A configuration. We consider a cold + atomic sample geometry such that the photon reabsorption is greatly + reduced, and therefore the medium properties are determined by the + single atom response. The dynamics of the slow propagating light + pulse is examined, and the typical length scales for the + propagation derived. We demonstrate that STIRAP is the mechanism + behind the slow-light phenomenon. Furthermore, in the considered + geometry a significant occupation of the excited state in the early + phase of the propagation does not necessarily imply a decay of the + ground-state coherence, and therefore does not inhibit the + slow-light formation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights + reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ArtoniBCL02, + author = {Artoni, M. and Bassani, F. and Carusotto, I. and La + Rocca, G. C.}, + title = {The regime of electromagnetically induced transparency + in optically dense media: from atoms to excitons}, + journal = {Braz. J. Phys.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {275-283}, + abstract = {The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced + transparency (EIT) was discovered by Adriano Gozzini and coworkers + in 1976 in Pisa. Novel schemes to investigate and exploit EIT in + the optical domain have attracted much interest both in atomic and + solid state systems. We discuss some of our recent theoretical + results, in particular: i) a well developed EIT regime based on + free exciton levels in undoped bulk crystalline Cu2O; ii) light + dragging effects in moving media under EIT; iii) the coherent + control of Cherenkov radiation in the EIT regime. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ZibrovLHS02, + author = {Zibrov, A. S. and Lukin, M. D. and Hollberg, L. and + Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Efficient frequency up-conversion in resonant coherent + media}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {051801}, + abstract = {We demonstrate an efficient frequency up-conversion + based on generation of large atomic coherence in a cascade system. + Two infrared, low power laser fields tuned to the vicinity of the + two-photon transition in Rb vapor were converted spontaneously into + infrared and blue radiation. Extension of the technique into other + spectral regions using highly excited states seems feasible. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{DengHKP02, + author = {Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Kozuma, M. and Payne, + M. G.}, + title = {Optical-wave group-velocity reduction without + electromagnetically induced transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {051805}, + abstract = {A Raman scheme for optical-pulse group-velocity + reduction in a pure lifetime broadened system is studied. We show + that this nonelectromagnetically induced transparency (NEIT) scheme + has many advantages over the conventional method that critically + relies on the transparency window created by an EIT process. + Significant reduction of the group velocity, probe field loss, and + pulse distortion are reported. In addition, rich dynamics of the + propagation process are studied. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{GreentreeSdDMSV02, + author = {Greentree, A. D. and Smith, T. B. and de Echaniz, S. + R. and Durrant, A. V. and Marangos, J. P. and Segal, D. M. and + Vaccaro, J. A.}, + title = {Resonant and off-resonant transients in + electromagnetically induced transparency: Turn-on and turn-off + dynamics}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {053802}, + abstract = {This paper presents a wide-ranging theoretical and + experimental study of nonadiabatic transient phenomena in a Lambda + electromagnetically induced transparency system when a strong + coupling field is rapidly switched on or off. The theoretical + treatment uses a Laplace transform approach to solve the time- + dependent density matrix equation. The experiments are carried out + in a Rb-87 magneto-optical trap. The results show transient probe + gain in parameter regions not previously studied, and provide + insight into the transition dynamics between bare and dressed + states. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KozlovWR02, + author = {Kozlov, V. V. and Wallentowitz, S. and Raghavan, S.}, + title = {Ultrahigh reflection from a medium with ultraslow + group velocity}, + journal = {Phys. Lett. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {296}, + pages = {210-213}, + abstract = {We show that an incident wavepacket at the boundary to + a medium with extremely slow group velocity, experiences enhanced + reflection and a substantial spatial and temporal distortion of the + transmitted wavepacket. In the limit of vanishing group velocity, + light cannot be transferred into the medium due to its perfect + reflectivity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{GodoneLM02, + author = {Godone, A. and Levi, F. and Micalizio, S.}, + title = {Propagation and density effects in the + coherent-populationtrapping maser}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {033802}, + abstract = {The coherent microwave emission from an optically + thick atomic ensemble in a cavity under coherent population + trapping is analyzed. Transient and continuous operations are + theoretically examined within the frame of a closed three-level + system in the Dicke regime. The effects related to the atomic + density and to the propagation in the active medium are examined + with particular reference to the subnatural linewidth, the low + group velocity and the shifts of the maser emission profile from + the unperturbed atomic transition. The case of alkali-metal atoms + submitted to a L excitation scheme is addressed in view of + applications in the atomic frequency standard field. + Experimental observations in agreement with the theoretical + predictions are reported for the case of rubidium in a buffer gas. + Apparent superluminal propagation is also reported and briefly + discussed. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{QiSKLMLNFL02, + author = {Qi, J. and Spano, F. C. and Kirova, T. and Lazoudis, + A. and Magnes, J. and Li, L. and Narducci, L. M. and Field, R. W. + and Lyyra, A. M.}, + title = {Measurement of transition dipole moments in lithium + dimers using electromagnetically induced transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {88}, + pages = {173003}, + abstract = {We have observed electromagnetically induced + transparency in a Doppler broadened molecular cascade system using + fluorescence detection. We demonstrate that the power-dependent + splitting of lines in the upper-level fluorescence excitation + spectrum can be used as a new spectroscopic tool for the + measurement of molecular transition dipole moment functions. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{YeZRS02, + author = {Ye, C. Y. and Zibrov, A. S. and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and + Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Unexpected Doppler-free resonance in generalized + double dark states}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {043805}, + abstract = {Doppler-free resonances have been observed in Rb + atomic vapor coherently driven by two strong-coupling fields in an + intrinsically non-Doppler-free geometry. A four-level theoretical + model explains the experimental results. The explanation of the + physics is based on the interplay between coherences generated in a + four-level system. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{Leonhardt02, + author = {Leonhardt, U.}, + title = {Theory of a slow-light catastrophe}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {043818}, + abstract = {In diffraction catastrophes such as the rainbow, the + wave nature of light resolves ray singularities and draws delicate + interference patterns. In quantum catastrophes such as the black + hole, the quantum nature of light resolves wave singularities and + creates characteristic quantum effects related to Hawking + radiation. This paper describes the theory behind a recent proposal + [U. Leonhardt, Nature (London) 415, 406 (2002)] to generate a + quantum catastrophe of slow light.} +} + +@ARTICLE{DengKHP02, + author = {Deng, L. and Kozuma, M. and Hagley, E. W. and Payne, + M. G.}, + title = {Opening optical four-wave mixing channels with giant + enhancement using ultraslow pump waves}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {88}, + pages = {143902}, + abstract = {We show that by strongly modifying the dispersion + properties of a four-level system, nonexisting wave mixing channels + can be opened and significantly enhanced. Specifically, we show + that coherent optical four-wave mixing with a pump wave mediated by + electromagnetically induced transparency ( thereby propagating with + an extremely slow group velocity) will lead to many orders of + magnitude enhancement in the amplitude of the generated wave. + Contrary to common belief, a large transparency window, which + causes a large propagation velocity, actually diminishes efficient + mixing wave production. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{MairHPWL02, + author = {Mair, A. and Hager, J. and Phillips, D. F. and + Walsworth, R. L. and Lukin, M. D.}, + title = {Phase coherence and control of stored photonic + information}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {031802}, + abstract = {We report the demonstration of phase coherence and + control for the recently developed "light-storage'' technique. + Specifically, we employ a dynamic form of electromagnetically + induced transparency to bring the group velocity of a light pulse + to zero, thereby mapping the photonic information into an ensemble + spin coherence in warm Rb vapor. We then apply a pulsed magnetic + field to vary the phase of the atomic spin excitations and map the + altered information back into light. We detect the resultant phase + shift in an optical interferometric measurement, thus confirming + that the storage process preserves phase coherence. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ZibrovMKRWS02, + author = {Zibrov, A. S. and Matsko, A. B. and Kocharovskaya, O. + and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and Welch, G. R. and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Transporting and time reversing light via atomic + coherence}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {88}, + pages = {103601}, + abstract = {We study basic issues central to the storage of + quantum information in a coherently prepared atomic medium such as + the role of adiabaticity. We also propose and demonstrate + transporting. multiplexing, and time reversing of stored light.} +} + +@ARTICLE{FleischhauerL02, + author = {Fleischhauer, M. and Lukin, M. D.}, + title = {Quantum memory for photons: Dark-state polaritons}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {022314}, + abstract = {An ideal and reversible transfer technique for the + quantum state between light and metastable collective states of + matter is presented and analyzed in detail. The method is based on + the control of photon propagation in coherently driven three-level + atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced + to zero. Form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter + ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the propagation C of + quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency are + identified, their basic properties discussed and their application + for quantum memories for light analyzed.} +} + +@ARTICLE{WangGX02, + author = {Wang, H. and Goorskey, D. J. and Xiao, M.}, + title = {Atomic coherence induced Kerr nonlinearity enhancement + in Rb vapour}, + journal = {J. Mod. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {335-347}, + abstract = {The Kerr nonlinear index of refraction for rubidium + atoms is measured by using an optical ring cavity with and without + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Significant + enhancement and inhibition of the Kerr nonlinear index is observed + near resonance with EIT. The nonlinear index of refraction is + measured as functions of probe and coupling frequency detunings, + respectively, with and without the presence of EIT. A simple + theoretical calculation including Doppler broadening is presented + and is found to be in good qualitative agreement with the + experimentally measured results.} +} + +@ARTICLE{MatskoNW02, + author = {Matsko, A. B. and Novikova, I. and Welch, G. R.}, + title = {Radiation trapping under conditions of + electromagnetically induced transparency}, + journal = {J. Mod. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {367-378}, + abstract = {Reabsorption of spontaneously emitted photons, or + radiation trapping, is a process that occurs when light interacts + with optically thick media. It is shown, both theoretically and + experimentally, that this effect in optically thick atomic vapour + leads to a decrease in transmission of coherent laser radiation + propagating under conditions of electromagnetically induced + transparency (EIT). A simple theory is developed taking into + account the radiation trapping, which is in a good agreement with + the experimental observations and exact numerical simulation. This + allows better understanding of the physics of EIT in general, and + properties of dense coherent atomic media in particular. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{YanRZ02, + author = {Yan, M. and Rickey, E. G. and Zhu, Y. F.}, + title = {Observations of absorptive photon switching and + suppression of two-photon absorption in cold atoms}, + journal = {J. Mod. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {675-685}, + abstract = {Atomic coherence and interference in an atomic medium + exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency may lead to + enhancement or suppression of nonlinear susceptibilities. + Absorptive photon switching has been observed by constructive + quantum interference, which is based on the enhanced thirdorder, + nonlinear absorption in a four-level system. In a different + four-level system, suppression of the two-photon absorption by + destructive quantum interference has been observed. Experiments + were carried out on Rb-87 atoms cooled and confined in a + magneto-optical trap and the experimental results agree with + theoretical calculations of simple four- level model systems. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{Wilson-GordonF02, + author = {Wilson-Gordon, A. D. and Friedmann, H.}, + title = {Positive and negative dispersion in a three-level A + system driven by a single pump}, + journal = {J. Mod. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {125-139}, + abstract = {We extend our previous study of a nearly degenerate A + threelevel system that exhibits population trapping when driven + by a single pump and produces an absorption or gain doublet in the + probe absorption spectrum. In particular, we show, that the probe + dispersion is positive or negative between the doublet lines, and + can survive Doppler broadening. For certain values of the pump Rabi + frequency, the sign of the dispersion can be changed by altering + the ratio of the splitting between the lower levels to the Doppler + width. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{GoorskeyWBX02, + author = {Goorskey, D. J. and Wang, H. and Burkett, W. H. and + Xiao, M.}, + title = {Effects of a highly dispersive atomic medium inside an + optical ring cavity}, + journal = {J. Mod. Opt.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {305-317}, + abstract = {Atomic media inside an optical cavity can + significantly alter the spectral response of the cavity. Both + theoretical and experimental examinations are made of the cavity + transmission with a highly dispersive intracavity multilevel atomic + medium. It is found, owing to the reduced absorption and steep + dispersion change accompanying electromagnetically induced + transparency in such a multi-level atomic medium, that the cavity + linewidth can be made much narrower than the empty cavity + linewidth. Cavity linewidth narrowing is measured as a function of + both the coupling beam power and the atomic density. These + experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical + predictions. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{WangZ02, + author = {Wang, K. G. and Zhu, S. Y.}, + title = {Atomic storage states}, + journal = {Chin. Phys. Lett.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {56-59}, + abstract = {We present a complete description of atomic storage + states which may appear in the electromagnetically induced + transparency (EIT). The result shows that the spatial coherence has + been included in the atomic collective operators and the atomic + storage states. In some limits, a set of multimode atomic storage + states has been established in correspondence with the multimode + Fock states of the electromagnetic field. This gives a better + understanding of the fact that, in EIT, the optical coherent + information can be preserved and recovered.} +} + +@ARTICLE{TurukhinSSMHH02, + author = {Turukhin, A. V. and Sudarshanam, V. S. and Shahriar, + M. S. and Musser, J. A. and Ham, B. S. and Hemmer, P. R.}, + title = {Observation of ultraslow and stored light pulses in a + solid}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8802}, + pages = {023602}, + abstract = {We report ultraslow group velocities of light in an + optically dense crystal of Pr doped Y2SiO5. Light speeds as slow as + 45 m/s were observed, corresponding to a group delay of 66 mus. + Deceleration and "stopping" or trapping of the light pulse was also + observed. These reductions of the group velocity are accomplished + by using a sharp spectral feature in absorption and dispersion that + is produced by resonance Raman excitation of a ground-state spin + coherence. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{FiurasekLP02, + author = {Fiurasek, J. and Leonhardt, U. and Parentani, R.}, + title = {Slow-light pulses in moving media}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {6501}, + pages = {011802}, + abstract = {Slow light in moving media reaches a counterintuitive + regime when the flow speed of the medium approaches the group + velocity of light. Pulses can penetrate a region where a + counterpropagating flow exceeds the group velocity. When the + counterflow slows down, pulses are reflected. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{AlzarMN02, + author = {Alzar, C. L. G. and Martinez, M. A. G. and + Nussenzveig, P.}, + title = {Classical analog of electromagnetically induced + transparency}, + journal = {Am. J. Phys.}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {37-41}, + abstract = {We present a classical analog of electromagnetically + induced transparency (EIT). In a system of just two coupled + harmonic oscillators subject to a harmonic driving force, we + reproduce the phenomenology observed in EIT. We also describe a + simple experiment with two linearly coupled RLC circuits which can + be incorporated into an undergraduate laboratory. (C) 2002 American + Association of Physics Teachers. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ZhangDCXPX01, + author = {Zhang, J. X. and Dong, R. F. and Chang, H. and Xie, C. + D. and Peng, K. C. and Xiao, M.}, + title = {Experimental demonstration of electromagnetic induced + transparency and dispersion effects in Cs atom vapour}, + journal = {Chin. Phys. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {1586-1588}, + abstract = {The effects of the electromagnetically induced + transparency and dispersion of a A-type three-level atomic system + are experimentally measured with a vapour cell of Cs atoms. The + steep dispersion at low absorption is observed. Thus a small group + velocity for the probe beam is inferred from the measured + dispersion curve. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ZhuL01, + author = {Zhu, K. D. and Li, W. S.}, + title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency due to + exciton-phonon interaction in an organic quantum well}, + journal = {J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {L679-L686}, + abstract = {Using the bosonic exciton approximation, we show that + there exists electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an + organic quantum well which includes the interaction of charge- + transfer excitons and phonons. The numerical results indicate that + the strong exciton-phonon interaction plays a key role in the + generation of the EIT. Without the exciton-phonon coupling, the EIT + will disappear immediately. Ultraslow light effects are also + discussed in this system. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{LinLRYP01, + author = {Lin, F. C. and Lee, J. M. and Rhee, Y. J. and Yi, J. + H. and Park, H.}, + title = {Raman scattering in coherently prepared atomic system}, + journal = {Chin. Phys. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {1473-1475}, + abstract = {Atoms in the coherent superposition state prepared by + a pulse pair are used as a novel optical memory material where a + single interrogation pulse will produce a new pulse pair preserving + the relative amplitudes and phases of the preparing pulse pair. + Such a coherent superposition state can also be specially tailored + along the propagation path to generate Raman scattering in a + relatively short distance with very high efficiency. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{MatskoKRWZS01, + author = {Matsko, A. B. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Rostovtsev, Y. + and Welch, G. R. and Zibrov, A. S. and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Slow, ultraslow, stored, and frozen light}, + journal = {Advan Atom Mol Opt Phys}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {191-242}, + abstract = {} +} + +@ARTICLE{AgarwalDM01, + author = {Agarwal, G. S. and Dey, T. N. and Menon, S.}, + title = {Knob for changing light propagation from subluminal to + superluminal}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6405}, + pages = {053809}, + abstract = {We show how the application of a coupling field + connecting the two lower metastable states of a Lambda system can + produce a variety of effects on the propagation of a weak + electromagnetic pulse. In principle the light propagation can be + changed from subluminal to superluminal. The negative group index + results from regions of anomalous dispersion and gain in + susceptibility. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{YanRZ01, + author = {Yan, M. and Rickey, E. G. and Zhu, Y. F.}, + title = {Observation of absorptive photon switching by quantum + interference}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6404}, + pages = {041801}, + abstract = {We report an experimental demonstration of photon + switching by quantum interference in a four-level atomic system + proposed by Harris and Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3611 (1998)]. + Quantum interference inhibits single-photon absorption but enhances + third-order, two-photon-type absorption in the four-level system. + We have observed greatly enhanced nonlinear absorption in the + four-level system realized with cold Rb-87 atoms and demonstrated + fast switching of the nonlinear absorption with a pulsed pump + laser. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{MatskoRKZS01, + author = {Matsko, A. B. and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and Kocharovskaya, + O. and Zibrov, A. S. and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Nonadiabatic approach to quantum optical information + storage}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6404}, + pages = {043809}, + abstract = {We show that there is no need for adiabatic passage in + the storage and retrieval of information in the optically thick + vapor of Lambda-type atoms. This information can be mapped into and + retrieved out of long-lived atomic coherence with nearly perfect + efficiency by strong writing and reading pulses with steep rising + and falling edges. We elucidate similarities and differences + between the "adiabatic" and "instant" light storage techniques, and + conclude that for any switching time, an almost perfect information + storage is possible if the group velocity of the signal pulse is + much less than the speed of light in the vacuum c and the bandwidth + of the signal pulse is much less then the width of the two-photon + resonance. The maximum loss of the information appears in the case + of instantaneous switching of the writing and reading fields + compared with adiabatic switching, and is determined by the ratio + of the initial group velocity of the signal pulse in the medium and + speed of light in the vacuum c, which can be very small. Quantum + restrictions to the storage efficiency are also discussed. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ShakhmuratovOCMKM01, + author = {Shakhmuratov, R. N. and Odeurs, J. and Coussement, R. + and Megret, P. and Kozyreff, G. and Mandel, P.}, + title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency via adiabatic + following of the nonabsorbing state}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {8715}, + pages = {153601}, + abstract = {It is shown that the adiabatic following of the dark, + nonabsorbing state improves significantly the electromagnetically + induced transparency performance and slows down the group velocity + of the probe pulse. This concept can be used for fast selective + gating of one pulse out of a pulse train. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{DengPH01, + author = {Deng, L. and Payne, M. G. and Hagley, E. W.}, + title = {Propagation of light pulse in an ultra-cold atomic + vapor: mechanism for the loss of the probe field}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {198}, + pages = {129-133}, + abstract = {We examine the role of nearby hyper-fine levels in a + threelevel transparency driven system in which a slow group + velocity of light propagation is anticipated. In addition to + accounting for the significant (> 80\%) probe field loss, our + theory can accurately model the significant (near 30\%) pulse + broadening found in two recent experiments. Other excitation + schemes for reducing the absorption from nearby levels are + discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{PayneD01, + author = {Payne, M. G. and Deng, L.}, + title = {Extremely slow propagation of a light pulse in an + ultracold atomic vapor: A Raman scheme without electromagnetically + induced transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6403}, + pages = {031802}, + abstract = {We describe a Raman scheme where the group velocity of + an optical pulse can be altered dramatically. With this none + electromagnetically-induced-transparency scheme, we show that when + on a two-photon resonance, a light pulse can propagate with + extremely slow group velocity. Both pulse narrowing and broadening + can occur depending upon the choice of two-photon detuning. When + using a tuned far-off two-photon resonance, we show that the pulse + propagates "superluminally" in the medium with pulse narrowing. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{SilvaMAC01, + author = {Silva, F. and Mompart, J. and Ahufinger, V. and + Corbalen, R.}, + title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency with a + standing-wave drive in the frequency up-conversion regime}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6403}, + pages = {033802}, + abstract = {We study electromagnetically induced transparency for + a probe traveling-wave (TW) laser field in closed Doppler-broadened + three-level systems driven by a standing-wave (SW) laser field of + moderate intensity (its Rabi frequencies are smaller than the + Doppler width of the driven transition). We show that probe windows + of transparency occur for values of the probe to drive field + frequency ratio R close to half-integer values. For optical + transitions and typical values of Doppler broadening for atoms in a + vapor cell, we show that for R > 1 a SW drive field is appreciably + more efficient than a TW drive in inducing probe transparency. As + examples, we consider parameters for real cascade schemes in barium + atoms with R approximate to 1.5 and in beryllium atoms with R + approximate to 3.5 showing that probe transmission values well + above 50\% are possible for conditions in which it is almost + negligible either without driving field or with only one of the TW + components of the drive. We show that a strongly asymmetric drive + having two TW components with unequal intensities is even more + efficient than a symmetric SW drive in inducing probe transparency. + The case of arbitrary probe intensity is also considered. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{LukinI01, + author = {Lukin, M. D. and Imamoglu, A.}, + title = {Controlling photons using electromagnetically induced + transparency}, + journal = {Nature}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {413}, + pages = {273-276}, + abstract = {It is well known that a dielectric medium can be used + to manipulate properties of light pulses. However, optical + absorption limits the extent of possible control: this is + especially important for weak light pulses. Absorption in an opaque + medium can be eliminated via quantum mechanical interference, an + effect known as electromagnetically induced transparency. + Theoretical and experimental work has demonstrated that this + phenomenon can be used to slow down light pulses dramatically, or + even bring them to a complete halt. Interactions between photons in + such an atomic medium can be many orders of magnitude stronger than + in conventional optical materials. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KwonKMPK01, + author = {Kwon, M. and Kim, K. and Moon, H. S. and Park, H. D. + and Kim, J. B.}, + title = {Dependence of electromagnetically induced absorption + on two combinations of orthogonal polarized beams}, + journal = {J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {2951-2961}, + abstract = {We observed quite different spectra for + electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in two cases where the + polarizations of the lasers was orthogonally linear and + counter-rotating circular, respectively. By using the density + matrix equation we were able to try to confirm that the difference + between them may result from the spontaneous transfer process + occurring between subsystems within the system. The experimental + results agree qualitatively well with the simulated spectra in the + Doppler-broadened system. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{WangGX01, + author = {Wang, H. and Goorskey, D. and Xiao, M.}, + title = {Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity via atomic coherence in a + threelevel atomic system}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {8707}, + pages = {073601}, + abstract = {We measure the Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a + threelevel Lambda -type atomic system inside an optical ring + cavity. The Kerr nonlinearity is modified-and greatly enhanced near + atomic resonant conditions for both probe and coupling beams. The + Kerr nonlinear coefficient n(2) changes sign when tli coupling beam + frequency detuning switches sign, which can lead to interesting + applications in optical devices such as all- optical switches. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{WangLLLW01, + author = {Wang, D. Z. and Li, D. J. and Liu, X. J. and Li, S. Q. + and Wang, Y. Z.}, + title = {Nonlinear theory of light speed reduction in a + three-level Lambda system}, + journal = {Chin. Phys. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {1067-1068}, + abstract = {We present a nonlinear theory of light velocity + reduction in a three-level Lambda system based on + electromagnetically induced transparency. Analysis shows that the + probe field propagates with a velocity that is quite strongly + dependent on its intensity instead of being merely approximately + dependent on the coupling intensity. Moreover, the minimum group + velocity of the probe field is analytically given for a given input + power.} +} + +@ARTICLE{ScullyZ01, + author = {Scully, M. O. and Zubairy, M. S.}, + title = {Quantum search protocol for an atomic array}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6402}, + pages = {022304}, + abstract = {Quantum computers can, in principle, exceed the speed + of ordinary computers by taking advantage of quantum coherence and + entanglement. It is possible to find a "needle in a haystack" of + N-1 straws in only rootN searches by utilizing coherent + superposition states. In the present paper we show how modem + quantum optics may provide a simple and practicable quantum search + procedure, which may also yield insights into quantum search + algorithms in general. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{OpatrnyW01, + author = {Opatrny, T. and Welsch, D. G.}, + title = {Coupled cavities for enhancing the + cross-phase-modulation in electromagnetically induced transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6402}, + pages = {023805}, + abstract = {We propose an optical double-cavity resonator whose + response to a signal is similar to that of an electromagnetically + induced transparency (EIT) medium. A combination of such a device + with a four-level EIT medium can serve for achieving large cross- + Kerr modulation of a probe field by a signal field. This would + offer the possibility of building a quantum logic gate based on + photonic qubits. We discuss the technical requirements that are + necessary for realizing a probe-photon phase shift of pi caused by + a single-photon signal. The main difficulty is the requirement of + an ultralow reflectivity beam splitter, and we must be able to + operate a sufficiently dense cool EIT medium in a cavity. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{MustecapliogluY01, + author = {Mustecaplioglu, O. E. and You, L.}, + title = {Slow light propagation in trapped atomic quantum + gases}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6401}, + pages = {013604}, + abstract = {We study semiclassical slow light propagation in + trapped twolevel atomic quantum gases. The temperature-dependent + behaviors of both group velocity and transmissions are compared for + low- temperature Bose, Fermi, and Boltzman gases within the local- + density approximation for their spatial density profile.} +} + +@ARTICLE{MustecapliogluY01, + author = {Mustecaplioglu, O. E. and You, L.}, + title = {Propagation of Raman-matched laser pulses through a + BoseEinstein condensate}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {193}, + pages = {301-312}, + abstract = {We investigate the role of non-uniform spatial density + profiles of trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in the + propagation of Raman-matched laser pulses under conditions for + electromagnetically induced transparency (ETT). We find that the + sharp edged axial density profile of an interacting condensate (due + to a balance between external trap and repulsive atomic + interaction) is advantageous for obtaining ultraslow averaged group + velocities. Our results are in good quantitative agreement with a + recent experiment report [Nature 397 (1999) 594]. (C) 2001 + Published by Elsevier Science B.V.} +} + +@ARTICLE{ManassahG01, + author = {Manassah, J. T. and Gladkova, I.}, + title = {Density matrix computation of light slowing and light + storage in a Lambda vapor system}, + journal = {Laser Phys.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {801-806}, + abstract = {We compute the light slowing and light storage in a + Lambda vapor system using the full Maxwell-Bloch equations with no + slowly varying envelope approximation in space (SVEAS) in the + expression of Maxwell wave-equation and incorporating both + homogeneous and inhomogeneous dephasing terms in the atomic density + matrix formulation describing the dynamics of the system. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KimKMPK01, + author = {Kim, K. and Kwon, M. and Moon, H. S. and Park, H. D. + and Kim, J. B.}, + title = {Measurements of normal and anomalous dispersions in + coherently driven Cs vapors}, + journal = {J. Korean Phys. Soc.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {666-669}, + abstract = {Negative and positive dispersions in transitions of + the C-S D-2 line have been measured by setting up a homodyne + Mach-Zehnder interferometer through a coherently driven atomic + system. Anomalous dispersion due to the electromagnetically induced + absorption (EIA) process and normal dispersion due to the + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) process were dn/d v + similar or equal to -1.8 x 10-(14) Hz(-1) and 8.7 x 10- (14) + Hz(-1), which corresponded to a negative group velocity v(g) + similar or equal to -c/14 and a positive one v(g) similar or equal + to c/31, respectively. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{DogariuKW01, + author = {Dogariu, A. and Kuzmich, A. and Wang, L. J.}, + title = {Transparent anomalous dispersion and superluminal + light-pulse propagation at a negative group velocity}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6305}, + pages = {053806}, + abstract = {Anomalous dispersion cannot occur in a transparent + passive medium where electromagnetic radiation is being absorbed at + all frequencies, as pointed out by Landau and Lifshitz. Here we + show, both theoretically and experimentally, that transparent + linear anomalous dispersion can occur when a gain doublet is + present. Therefore, a superluminal light-pulse propagation can be + observed even at a negative group velocity through a transparent + medium with almost no pulse distortion. + Consequently, a negative transit time is experimentally observed + resulting in the peak of the incident light pulse to exit the + medium even before entering it. This counterintuitive effect is a + direct result of the rephasing process owing to the wave nature of + light and is not at odds with either causality or Einstein's theory + of special relativity. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{YanRZ01, + author = {Yan, M. and Rickey, E. G. and Zhu, Y. F.}, + title = {Nonlinear absorption by quantum interference in cold + atoms}, + journal = {Opt. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {548-550}, + abstract = {We report an experimental observation of third-order + nonlinear absorption by quantum interference in Rb-87 atoms cooled + and confined in a magneto-optic trap. A coupling laser creates + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a multilevel Rb + system in which the third-order nonlinear absorption is enhanced by + constructive quantum interference while the linear absorption is + inhibited by destructive interference. Our experiment demonstrates + the EIT system proposed by Harris and Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. Lett. + 81, 3611 (1998)], which absorbs two photons but not one photon in + the dressed-state picture. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{Nakajima01, + author = {Nakajima, T.}, + title = {Linear and nonlinear optical properties of an + autoionizing medium}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6304}, + pages = {043804}, + abstract = {We study the linear and nonlinear optical properties + of autoionizing systems under the action of a single-laser field. + It is found that the group velocity is greatly reduced by the + presence of a neighboring autoionizing state. Conditions for + self-focusing or defocusing are also derived for the case of an + isolated autoionizing system. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{Bortman-ArbivWF01, + author = {Bortman-Arbiv, D. and Wilson-Gordon, A. D. and + Friedmann, H.}, + title = {Phase control of group velocity: From subluminal to + superluminal light propagation}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6304}, + pages = {043818}, + abstract = {We show that the group velocity of a weak pulse tan be + manipulated by controlling the phases of two weak optical fields + applied to a V-shaped three-level system. Such control can even + cause the probe propagation to change from subluminal to + superluminal. We consider two schemes: in the first, the excited + states are coupled by decay-induced coherence, which is an inherent + property of the medium, and in the second, quantum coherence is + created by coupling the excited states to each other by a strong + microwave field. We also discuss the group velocity reduction + experienced by a single weak propagating probe due to decay-induced + coherence. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{ParkB01, + author = {Park, Q. H. and Boyd, R. W.}, + title = {Modification of self-induced transparency by a + coherent control field}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {2774-2777}, + abstract = {We consider self-induced transparency (SIT) in a + two-level atomic system in the presence of an additional control + laser field. We find that the dynamics of the SIT process an + profoundly modified by the control field, in a manner reminiscent + of the modification of other nonlinear optical interactions through + the process of electromagnetically induced transparency. The + presence of the control field allows SIT to occur under a much + broader range of conditions and leads to dramatically reduced + values of the group velocity of the SIT soliton. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{MatskoRFS01, + author = {Matsko, A. B. and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and Fleischhauer, + M. and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Anomalous stimulated Brillouin scattering via + ultraslow light}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {2006-2009}, + abstract = {We study stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an + ultradispersive coherent medium, and show that the properties of + SBS change drastically when the group velocity of light in the + material approaches or becomes less than the speed of sound. In + particular, forward SBS not allowed in a dispersionless bulk medium + takes place in the coherent medium.} +} + +@ARTICLE{RenzoniZVA01, + author = {Renzoni, F. and Zimmermann, C. and Verkerk, P. and + Arimondo, E.}, + title = {Enhanced absorption Hanle effect on the F-g = F -> F-e + = F+1 closed transitions}, + journal = {J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {S7-S14}, + abstract = {We analyse the Hanle effect on a closed F-g --> F-e = + F-g + 1 transition. Two configurations are examined, for linearly + and circularly polarized laser radiation, with the applied magnetic + field collinear to the laser light wavevector. We describe the + peculiarities of the Hanle signal for linearly polarized laser + excitation, characterized by narrow bright resonances at low laser + intensities. The mechanism behind this effect is identified, and + numerical solutions for the optical Bloch equations are presented + for different transitions. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KienH01, + author = {Kien, F. L. and Hakuta, K.}, + title = {Normal modes and propagation dynamics in a strongly + driven Raman medium}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6302}, + pages = {023807}, + abstract = {We study the collinear propagation of two weak + sideband fields in a far-off-resonance Raman medium driven by a + strong field. We show the existence of two sideband-field + superpositions called normal modes that propagate independently at + different group velocities, one at the vacuum speed of light and + one at a reduced velocity and with an induced relative phase shift. + We find that the effect of slow group velocity on nonlinear + conversion occurs via the relative group delay as well as the + relative phase shift. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{PhillipsFMW01, + author = {Phillips, D. F. and Fleischhauer, A. and Mair, A. and + Walsworth, R. L.}, + title = {Storage of light in atomic vapor}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {783-786}, + abstract = {We report an experiment in which a light pulse is + effectively decelerated and trapped in a vapor of Rb atoms, stored + for a controlled period of time, and then released on demand. We + accomplish this "storage of light" by dynamically reducing the + group velocity of the light pulse to zero, so that the coherent + excitation of the light is reversibly mapped into a Zeeman (spin) + coherence of the Rb vapor. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KocharovskayaRS01, + author = {Kocharovskaya, O. and Rostovtsev, Y. and Scully, M. + O.}, + title = {Stopping light via hot atoms}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {628-631}, + abstract = {We prove that it is possible to freeze a light pulse + (i.e., to bring it to a full stop) or even to make its group + velocity negative in a coherently driven Doppler broadened atomic + medium via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This + remarkable phenomenon of the ultraslow EIT polariton is based on + the spatial dispersion of the refraction index n(w,k), i.e., its + wave number dependence, which is due to atomic motion and provides + a negative contribution to the group velocity. This is related to, + but qualitatively different from, the recently observed light + slowing caused by large temporal (frequency) dispersion. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{HussPLKW01, + author = {Huss, A. F. and Peer, N. and Lammegger, R. and + Korsunsky, E. A. and Windholz, L.}, + title = {Efficient Raman sideband generation in a coherent + atomic medium}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {6301}, + pages = {013802}, + abstract = {We demonstrate the efficient generation of Raman + sidebands in a medium coherently prepared in a dark state by + continuous-wave low-intensity laser radiation. Our experiment is + performed in sodium vapor excited in Lambda configuration on the + D-1 line by two laser fields of resonant frequencies omega (1) and + omega (2), and probed by a third field omega (3). First-order + sidebands for frequencies omega (1), omega (2) and up to the + third-order sidebands for frequency omega (3) are observed. The + generation starts at a power as low as 10 muW for each input field. + Dependences of the intensities of both input and generated waves on + the frequency difference (omega (1) - omega (2)), on the frequency + omega (3), and on the optical density an investigated. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{LiuDBH01, + author = {Liu, C. and Dutton, Z. and Behroozi, C. H. and Hau, L. + V.}, + title = {Observation of coherent optical information storage in + an atomic medium using halted light pulses}, + journal = {Nature}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {409}, + pages = {490-493}, + abstract = {Electromagnetically induced transparency(1-3) is a + quantum interference effect that permits the propagation of light + through an otherwise opaque atomic medium; a 'coupling' laser is + used to create the interference necessary to allow the transmission + of resonant pulses from a 'probe' laser. This technique has been + used(4-6) to slow and spatially compress light pulses by seven + orders of magnitude, resulting in their complete localization and + containment within an atomic cloud(4). Here we use + electromagnetically induced transparency to bring laser pulses to a + complete stop in a magnetically trapped, cold cloud of sodium + atoms. Within the spatially localized pulse region, the atoms are + in a superposition state determined by the amplitudes and phases of + the coupling and probe laser fields. Upon sudden turn-off of the + coupling laser, the compressed probe pulse is effectively stopped; + coherent information initially contained in the laser fields is + 'frozen' in the atomic medium for up to 1 ms. The coupling laser is + turned back on at a later time and the probe pulse is regenerated: + the stored coherence is read out and transferred back into the + radiation field. We present a theoretical model that reveals that + the system is self-adjusting to minimize dissipative loss during + the 'read' and 'write' operations. We anticipate applications of + this phenomenon for quantum information processing. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{MullerHRWD00, + author = {Muller, M. and Homann, F. and Rinkleff, R. H. and + Wicht, A. and Danzmann, K.}, + title = {Parametric dispersion in electromagnetically induced + transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6206}, + pages = {060501}, + abstract = {We analyze both experimentally and theoretically the + phase shift of a fixed coupling laser field in a Lambda -type + system induced by a tunable probe laser field. The measurements are + performed with a heterodyne interferometer on a beam of cesium + atoms in the D-2 line. This system exhibits electromagnetically + induced transparency with a rapidly varying refractive index. The + parametric dispersion of the coupling field over a range of six + decades of coupling laser intensities is investigated and found to + be in accord with the predictions from the semiclassical model. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{WangGBX00, + author = {Wang, H. and Goorskey, D. J. and Burkett, W. H. and + Xiao, M.}, + title = {Cavity-linewidth narrowing by means of + electromagnetically induced transparency}, + journal = {Opt. Lett.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {1732-1734}, + abstract = {Cavity-linewidth narrowing in a ring cavity that is + due to the high dispersion and reduced absorption produced by + electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium-atom + vapor has been experimentally observed. The cavity linewidth with + rubidium atoms under EIT conditions can be significantly narrowed. + Cavity-linewidth narrowing was measured as a function of coupling + beam power. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America.} +} + +@ARTICLE{Harris00, + author = {Harris, S. E.}, + title = {Pondermotive forces with slow light}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {85}, + pages = {4032-4035}, + abstract = {This work describes atomic processes which result from + the greatly enhanced longitudinal gradient force which is inherent + to the propagation of slow light. These processes are (1) ballistic + atom motion and atom surfing, and (2) a type of local pondermotive + nonlinearity or scattering which results from free-particle + sinusoidal motion and the density variation caused by this motion. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{McGloinDF00, + author = {McGloin, D. and Dunn, M. H. and Fulton, D. J.}, + title = {Polarization effects in electromagnetically induced + transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6205}, + pages = {053802}, + abstract = {We demonstrate the magnitude dependence of + electromagnetically induced transparency, in a three-level cascade + scheme in rubidium, on the probe and coupling field polarizations. + We show that this dependence is due to the presence of the + degenerate magnetic sublevels and the strengths of their relative + dipole matrix elements. It is shown that this can lead to modified + absorption profiles when electromagnetically induced transparency + is used for spectroscopic purposes. We present theory that is in + good agreement with our experiments.} +} + +@ARTICLE{ManassahG00, + author = {Manassah, J. T. and Gladkova, I.}, + title = {Modifications due to local field corrections of the + electromagnetically induced transparency propagation parameters in + a driven optically dense three-level cascade system}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {185}, + pages = {125-132}, + abstract = {We compute, under conditions of electromagnetically + induced transparency, the frequency dependence of the transmission + coefficient and the group velocity of a probe pulse resonant with + the lower transition of a three-level cascade system in the + presence of a cw pump field resonant with the system's upper + transition. We show that the presence of local field corrections + can substantially modify the profile of both these + transmission-related quantities. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier + Science B.V. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{CarusottoAL00, + author = {Carusotto, I. and Artoni, M. and La Rocca, G. C.}, + title = {Atomic recoil effects in slow light propagation}, + journal = {Jetp Lett.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {72}, + pages = {289-293}, + abstract = {We theoretically investigate the effect of atomic + recoil on the propagation of ultraslow light pulses through a + coherently driven Bose-Einstein condensed gas. For a sample at + rest, the group velocity of the light pulse is the sum of the group + velocity that one would observe in the absence of mechanical + effects (infinite mass limit) and the velocity of the recoiling + atoms (light-dragging effect). We predict that atomic recoil may + give rise to a lower bound for the observable group velocities, as + well as to pulse propagation at negative group velocities without + appreciable absorption. (C) 2000 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KienH00, + author = {Kien, F. L. and Hakuta, K.}, + title = {Stimulated Raman scattering with slow light}, + journal = {Can. J. Phys.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {78}, + pages = {543-559}, + abstract = {We study the propagation dynamics of weak Raman + sideband fields in a far-off-resonance Raman medium driven by a + strong coupling field. We show that the interaction of the system + with the strong field, under the conditions of high density, narrow + Raman-transition width, and small two-photon detuning, results in a + slow group velocity and a substantial enhancement of the injected + anti-Stokes sideband field as well as an efficient generation of a + Stokes sideband field. We find that the effective group velocity is + the same for the two weak fields and is proportional to the field + frequency difference instead of the frequency of the corresponding + field. We also discuss the condition for exponential growth of the + two sideband fields in the medium. We perform numerical + calculations for solid hydrogen, a realistic system where the + requirements for high density and small Raman width can be met. We + demonstrate that the group velocity can be slowed down by several + orders, and that the slow light plays a key role for the stimulated + Raman scattering process in solid hydrogen. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{SautenkovLBNMFVWS00, + author = {Sautenkov, V. A. and Lukin, M. D. and Bednar, C. J. + and Novikova, I. and Mikhailov, E. and Fleischhauer, M. and + Velichansky, V. L. and Welch, G. R. and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Enhancement of magneto-optic effects via large atomic + coherence in optically dense media}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6202}, + pages = {023810}, + abstract = {We utilize the generation of large atomic coherence in + optically dense media to enhance the resonant nonlinear + magneto-optic effect by several orders of magnitude, thereby + eliminating power broadening and improving the fundamental + signal-to-noise ratio. A proof-of-principle experiment is carried + out in a dense vapor of Rb atoms. Applications such as optical + magnetometry, the search for Violations of parity and time-reversal + symmetry, and nonlinear optics at low light levels are feasible. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{MorigiA00, + author = {Morigi, G. and Agarwal, G. S.}, + title = {Temperature variation of ultraslow light in a cold + gas}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6201}, + pages = {013801}, + abstract = {A model is developed to explain the temperature + dependence of the group velocity as observed in the experiments of + Hau et al. [Nature (London) 397, 594 (1999)]. The group velocity is + quite sensitive to the change in the spatial density. The + inhomogeneity in the density and its temperature dependence are + primarily responsible for the observed behavior. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{Khurgin00, + author = {Khurgin, J. B.}, + title = {Light slowing down in Moire fiber gratings and its + implications for nonlinear optics}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6201}, + pages = {013821}, + abstract = {A theory of the dispersion in the Moire gratings is + developed and it is shown that the group velocity of light in them + can be reduced by up to three orders of magnitude. A conceptual + similarity between Moire grating and the electro-magneticinduced + transparency medium is demonstrated, and it is argued that for some + applications the Moire gratings present a simple viable alternative + to electromagnetically induced transparency.} +} + +@ARTICLE{WangKD00, + author = {Wang, L. J. and Kuzmich, A. and Dogariu, A.}, + title = {Gain-assisted superluminal light propagation}, + journal = {Nature}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {406}, + pages = {277-279}, + abstract = {Einstein's theory of special relativity and the + principle of causality(1-4) imply that the speed of any moving + object cannot exceed that of light in a vacuum (c). Nevertheless, + there exist various proposals(5-18) for observing faster-than-c + propagation of light pulses, using anomalous dispersion near an + absorption line(4,6-8), nonlinear(9) and linear gain lines(10-18), + or tunnelling barriers(19). However, in all previous experimental + demonstrations, the light pulses experienced either very large + absorption(7) or severe reshaping(9,19), resulting in controversies + over the interpretation. Here we use gainassisted linear + anomalous dispersion to demonstrate superluminal light propagation + in atomic caesium gas. The group velocity of a laser pulse in this + region exceeds c and can even become negative(16,17), while the + shape of the pulse is preserved. We measure a group-velocity index + of n(g) = -310(+/- 5); in practice, this means that a light pulse + propagating through the atomic vapour cell appears at the exit side + so much earlier than if it had propagated the same distance in a + vacuum that the peak of the pulse appears to leave the cell before + entering it. The observed superluminal light pulse propagation is + not at odds with causality, being a direct consequence of classical + interference between its different frequency components in an + anomalous dispersion region. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{MatskoRCS00, + author = {Matsko, A. B. and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and Cummins, H. Z. + and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Using slow light to enhance acousto-optical effects: + Application to squeezed light}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {84}, + pages = {5752-5755}, + abstract = {We propose a technique for achieving phase matching in + Brillouin scattering in a dielectric fiber doped by three-level + Lambda-type ions. This can lead to a dramatic increase of + efficiency of ponderomotive nonlinear interaction between the + electromagnetic waves and holds promise for applications in quantum + optics such as squeezing and quantum nondemolition measurements. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{Imamoglu00, + author = {Imamoglu, A.}, + title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency with two + dimensional electron spins}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {179}, + pages = {179-182}, + abstract = {The electronic spin degrees of freedom in + semiconductors have coherence times that are several orders of + magnitude longer than other relevant timescales. We show that + application of a pair of laser fields, whose frequencies differ by + the Zeeman splitting, gives rise to electromagnetically induced + transparency in an optically dense two-dimensional electron gas + under high magnetic fields. Even though reduction in group velocity + and enhancement of photon-photon interaction is largest for filling + factor nu = 1, the effect should be observable for any 1 less than + or equal to nu < 2. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights + reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{FleischhauerYL00, + author = {Fleischhauer, M. and Yelin, S. F. and Lukin, M. D.}, + title = {How to trap photons? Storing single-photon quantum + states in collective atomic excitations}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {179}, + pages = {395-410}, + abstract = {We show that it is possible to 'store' quantum states + of single-photon fields by mapping them onto collective meta- + stable states of an optically dense, coherently driven medium + inside an optical resonator. An adiabatic technique is suggested + which allows to transfer non-classical. correlations from + traveling-wave single-photon wave-packets into atomic states and + vise versa with nearly 100\% efficiency. In contrast to previous + approaches involving single atoms, the present technique does not + require the strong coupling regime corresponding to high-Q + micro-cavities. Instead, intracavity electromagnetically Induced + Transparency is used to achieve a strong coupling between the + cavity mode and the atoms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All + rights reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{FleischhauerL00, + author = {Fleischhauer, M. and Lukin, M. D.}, + title = {Dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced + transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {84}, + pages = {5094-5097}, + abstract = {We identify form-stable coupled excitations of light + and matter ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the + propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced + transparency. The properties of dark-state polaritons such as the + group velocity are determined by the mixing angle between light and + matter components and can be controlled by an external coherent + field as the pulse propagates. In particular, light pulses can be + decelerated and "trapped" in which case their shape and quantum + state are mapped onto metastable collective states of matter. + Possible applications of this reversible coherent-control technique + are discussed. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{RenzoniA00, + author = {Renzoni, F. and Arimondo, E.}, + title = {Steep dispersion in coherent population trapping with + losses}, + journal = {Opt. Commun.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {178}, + pages = {345-353}, + abstract = {The dispersive properties of coherent population + trapping with losses are investigated. We consider a cold sample of + open three-level atoms interacting with two laser fields in the + Lambda configuration. We show that despite the population losses + the slope of the dispersion at Raman resonance reaches at large + interaction time a constant nonzero value. A numerical study of the + propagation of a pulse in the medium in the presence of a strong + coupling field shows that very small group velocities for the pulse + are obtained also in the presence of population losses. (C) 2000 + Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{FleischhauerLMS00, + author = {Fleischhauer, M. and Lukin, M. D. and Matsko, A. B. + and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Threshold and linewidth of a mirrorless parametric + oscillator}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {84}, + pages = {3558-3561}, + abstract = {We analyze the above-threshold behavior of a + mirrorless parametric oscillator based on resonantly enhanced + four-wave mixing in a dense atomic vapor. It is shown that, in the + ideal limit, an arbitrary small flux of pump photons is sufficient + to reach the oscillator threshold. We demonstrate that, due to the + large group velocity delays associated with electromagnetically + induced transparency, an extremely narrow oscillator linewidth is + possible, making a narrow-band source of nonclassical radiation + feasible. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{LeonhardtP00, + author = {Leonhardt, U. and Piwnicki, P.}, + title = {Relativistic effects of light in moving media with + extremely low group velocity}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {84}, + pages = {822-825}, + abstract = {A moving dielectric medium acts as an effective + gravitational field on light. One can use media with extremely low + group velocities [Lene Vestergaard Hau ct al., Nature (London) 397, + 593(1999)] to create dielectric analogs of astronomical effects on + Earth. In particular, a vortex flow imprints a long-ranging + topological effect on incident light and can behave like an optical + black hole. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{AkulshinBL99, + author = {Akulshin, A. M. and Barreiro, S. and Lezama, A.}, + title = {Steep anomalous dispersion in coherently prepared Rb + vapor}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {83}, + pages = {4277-4280}, + abstract = {Steep dispersion of opposite signs in driven + degenerate twolevel atomic transitions have been predicted and + observed on the D-2 line of Rb-87 in an optically thin vapor cell. + The intensity dependence of the anomalous dispersion has been + studied. The maximum observed value of anomalous dispersion (dn/d + nu similar or equal to -6 x 10(-11) Hz(-1)) corresponds to a + negative group velocity V-g similar or equal to -c/23 000.} +} + +@ARTICLE{BudkerKRY99, + author = {Budker, D. and Kimball, D. F. and Rochester, S. M. and + Yashchuk, V. V.}, + title = {Nonlinear magneto-optics and reduced group velocity of + light in atomic vapor with slow ground state relaxation}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {83}, + pages = {1767-1770}, + abstract = {The dynamics of resonant light propagation in rubidium + vapor in a cell with antirelaxation wall coating are investigated. + We change the polarization of the input light and measure the time + dependence of the polarization after the cell. The observed + dynamics are shown to be analogous to those in electromagnetically + induced transparency. Spectral dependence of light pulse delays is + found to be similar to that of nonlinear magneto-optic rotation. + Delays up to approximate to 13 ms are observed, corresponding to a + 8 m/s group velocity. Fields of a few microgauss are used to + control the group velocity. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{KashSZHWLRFS99, + author = {Kash, M. M. and Sautenkov, V. A. and Zibrov, A. S. and + Hollberg, L. and Welch, G. R. and Lukin, M. D. and Rostovtsev, Y. + and Fry, E. S. and Scully, M. O.}, + title = {Ultraslow group velocity and enhanced nonlinear + optical effects in a coherently driven hot atomic gas}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {82}, + pages = {5229-5232}, + abstract = {We report the observation of small group velocities of + order 90 m/s and large group delays of greater than 0.26 ms, in an + optically dense hot rubidium gas (approximate to 360 K). Media of + this kind yield strong nonlinear interactions between very weak + optical fields and very sharp spectral features. The result is in + agreement with previous studies on nonlinear spectroscopy of dense + coherent media. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{HarrisS98, + author = {Harris, S. E. and Sokolov, A. V.}, + title = {Subfemtosecond pulse generation by molecular + modulation}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {81}, + pages = {2894-2897}, + abstract = {We suggest a technique for producing subfemtosecond + pulses of radiation. The technique is based on using + electromagnetically induced transparency to produce a strongly + driven molecular coherence. This coherence results in a Raman + spectrum with Bessel function amplitudes and phases corresponding + to a frequency modulated signal, thereby allowing compression by + the group velocity dispersion of the same medium. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{SchmidtWHM96, + author = {Schmidt, O. and Wynands, R. and Hussein, Z. and + Meschede, D.}, + title = {Steep dispersion and group velocity below c/3000 in + coherent population trapping}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {53}, + pages = {R27-R30}, + abstract = {We have measured the index of refraction in the region + of a coherent population trapping resonance in a cesium vapor cell + with an interferometric technique. We find very high normal + dispersion (up to dn/df=9.7x10(-12) Hz(-1)) at low absorption. From + our spectra we obtain very small group velocities below c/3000. + This corresponds to a delay time of more than 200 ns for a cesium + cell 20 mm in length, equivalent to more than 60 m of propagation + in vacuum. + } +} + +@ARTICLE{HarrisFK92, + author = {Harris, S. E. and Field, J. E. and Kasapi, A.}, + title = {Dispersive properties of electromagnetically induced + transparency}, + journal = {Phys. Rev. A}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {R29-R32}, + abstract = {An atomic transition that has been made transparent by + applying an additional electromagnetic field exhibits a rapidly + varying refractive index with zero group velocity dispersion at + line center. A 10-cm-long Pb vapor cell at an atom density of 7 x + 10(15) atoms/cm3 and probed on its 283-nm resonance transition has + a calculated optical delay of 83 ns [(c/V(G)) = 250].} +} + |