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+This file was automatically generated from entries from the ISI (Institute
+for Scientific Information) databases of scientific and other academic
+documents, using isi2bibtex version 0.4, a perl script which converts ISI or
+BIDS format files to BibTeX format files for inclusion in documents typeset
+using the LaTeX document processor.
+
+Try perldoc isi2bibtex for instructions, or read the script.
+
+This file generated on Wednesday 27th May 2003, from file
+'/home/evmik/dl/CIW.cgi', which has no subject line.
+
+@ARTICLE{Xiao03,
+	author	    = {Xiao, M.},
+	title	    = {Novel linear and nonlinear optical properties of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency systems},
+	journal     = {IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {9},
+	pages	    = {86-92},
+	abstract    = {We describe some interesting linear and nonlinear
+	  optical properties of three-level electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency (EIT) systems, such as absorption reduction, sharp
+	  dispersion change, and enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. These novel
+	  optical properties are very useful in enhancing efficient nonlinear
+	  optical processes, which can find applications in optoelectronic
+	  devices. We present some experiments done in our group in the past
+	  few years with three-level atomic systems, especially more recent
+	  experiments with EIT medium inside an optical cavity.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{LeKienLH03,
+	author	    = {Le Kien, F. and Liang, J. Q. and Hakuta, K.},
+	title	    = {Slow light produced by far-off-resonance Raman
+	  scattering},
+	journal     = {IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {9},
+	pages	    = {93-101},
+	abstract    = {The authors survey the theoretical and experimental
+	  aspects of generation of slow light in a far-off-resonance Raman
+	  medium driven by a strong coupling field. When material dispersion
+	  is negligible, the propagation of two coupled sidebands can be
+	  described in terms of two. normal modes that propagate
+	  independently at different group velocities, one at the vacuum
+	  speed of light and one at a reduced velocity. They use solid
+	  hydrogen as a Raman medium to demonstrate the generation of slow
+	  light. The numerical calculations and experimental observations
+	  show that, due to high density, narrow Raman width, and small
+	  two-photon detuning, far-off-resonance Raman scattering in solid
+	  hydrogen can slow down the pulse-peak velocity of the Stokes and
+	  anti-Stokes fields to the order of c/10000. This velocity reduction
+	  affects the amplitudes of the Stokes and anti-Stokes fields via the
+	  beating between the normal modes. the double-peak structure
+	  observed in the intensity temporal profiles of the sideband fields
+	  is a signature of the splitting of the copropagating, normal
+	  modes.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{DeyA03,
+	author	    = {Dey, T. N. and Agarwal, G. S.},
+	title	    = {Storage and retrieval of light pulses at moderate
+	  powers},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {67},
+	pages	    = {033813},
+	abstract    = {We investigate whether it is possible to store and
+	  retrieve an intense probe pulse using a medium that can be modeled
+	  as a set of atoms with the relevant energy levels in Lambda
+	  configuration. We demonstrate that it is indeed possible to store
+	  and retrieve the probe pulses that are not necessarily weak. We
+	  find that the retrieved pulse remains a replica of the original
+	  pulse, although there is overall broadening and loss of the
+	  intensity. The loss of intensity can be understood in terms of the
+	  dependence of absorption on the intensity of the probe. Our
+	  calculations include the dynamics of the control field, which
+	  becomes especially important as the intensity of the probe pulse
+	  increases. We use the adiabatic theory of Grobe [Phys. Rev. Lett.
+	  73, 3183 (1994)] to understand our numerical results on the storage
+	  and retrieval of light pulses at moderate powers.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{BigelowLB03,
+	author	    = {Bigelow, M. S. and Lepeshkin, N. N. and Boyd, R. W.},
+	title	    = {Observation of ultraslow light propagation in a ruby
+	  crystal at room temperature},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {90},
+	pages	    = {113903},
+	abstract    = {We have observed slow light propagation with a group
+	  velocity as low as 57.5+/-0.5 m/s at room temperature in a ruby
+	  crystal. A quantum coherence effect, coherent population
+	  oscillations, produces a very narrow spectral "hole" in the
+	  homogeneously broadened absorption profile of ruby. The resulting
+	  rapid spectral variation of the refractive index leads to a large
+	  value of the group index. We observe slow light propagation both
+	  for Gaussian-shaped light pulses and for amplitude modulated
+	  optical beams in a system that is much simpler than those
+	  previously used for generating slow light.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{FicekSSAB03,
+	author	    = {Ficek, Z. and Seke, J. and Soldatov, A. V. and Adam,
+	  G. and Bogolubov, N. N.},
+	title	    = {Multilevel coherence effects in a two-level atom
+	  driven by a trichromatic field},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {217},
+	pages	    = {299-309},
+	abstract    = {We study the absorption and dispersion properties of a
+	  weak probe field monitoring a two-level atom driven by a
+	  trichromatic field. We calculate the steady-state linear
+	  susceptibility and find that the system can produce a number of
+	  multilevel coherence effects predicted for atoms composed of three
+	  and more energy levels. Although the atom has only one transition
+	  channel, the multilevel effects are possible because there are
+	  multichannel transitions between dressed states induced by the
+	  driving field. In particular, we show that the system can exhibit
+	  multiple electromagnetically induced transparency and can also
+	  produce a strong amplification at the central frequency which is
+	  not attributed to population inversion in both the atomic bare
+	  states and in the dressed atomic states. Moreover, we show that the
+	  absorption and dispersion of the probe field is sensitive to the
+	  initial relative phase of the components of the driving field. In
+	  addition, we show that the group velocity of the probe field can be
+	  controlled by changing the initial relative phases or frequencies
+	  of the driving fields and can also be varied from subluminal to
+	  superluminal. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{JuzeliunasMF03,
+	author	    = {Juzeliunas, G. and Masalas, M. and Fleischhauer, M.},
+	title	    = {Storing and releasing light in a gas of moving atoms},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {67},
+	pages	    = {023809},
+	abstract    = {We propose a scheme of storing and releasing pulses or
+	  cw beams of light in a moving atomic medium illuminated by two
+	  stationary and spatially separated control lasers. The method is
+	  based on electromagnetically induced transparency but in contrast
+	  to previous schemes, storage and retrieval of the probe pulse can
+	  be achieved at different locations and without switching off the
+	  control laser.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{AgarwalD03,
+	author	    = {Agarwal, G. S. and Dasgupta, S.},
+	title	    = {Laser-induced breakdown of the magnetic-field-reversal
+	  symmetry in the propagation of unpolarized light},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {67},
+	pages	    = {023814},
+	abstract    = {We show how a medium, under the influence of a
+	  coherent control field that is resonant or close to resonance to an
+	  appropriate atomic transition, can lead to very strong asymmetries
+	  in the propagation of unpolarized light when the direction of the
+	  magnetic field is reversed. We show how electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency (EIT) can be used in atomic vapor to mimic this
+	  magnetochiral effect that occurs in natural systems. EIT can
+	  produce much larger asymmetry than the well-known magnetochiral
+	  effect as we use the dipole-allowed transitions here. Using
+	  density-matrix calculations we present results for the breakdown of
+	  the magnetic-field-reversal symmetry for two different atomic
+	  configurations.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{GreentreeRVDdSM03,
+	author	    = {Greentree, A. D. and Richards, D. and Vaccaro, J. A.
+	  and Durrant, A. V. and de Echaniz, S. R. and Segal, D. M. and
+	  Marangos, J. P.},
+	title	    = {Intensity-dependent dispersion under conditions of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency in coherently prepared
+	  multistate atoms},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {67},
+	pages	    = {023818},
+	abstract    = {Interest in lossless nonlinearities has focussed on
+	  the dispersive properties of Lambda systems under conditions of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We generalize the
+	  Lambda system by introducing further degenerate states to realize a
+	  "chain Lambda" atom where multiple coupling of the probe field
+	  significantly enhances the intensity-dependent dispersion without
+	  compromising the EIT condition.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ZhuL02,
+	author	    = {Zhu, K. D. and Li, W. S.},
+	title	    = {Electromagnetically induced transparency mediated by
+	  phonons in strongly coupled exciton-phonon systems},
+	journal     = {Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {75},
+	pages	    = {861-864},
+	abstract    = {It is shown theoretically that electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency (EIT), due to strong exciton-phonon coupling
+	  can occur in strongly coupled exciton-phonon systems such as
+	  polymers and organic semiconductors and lead to ultra-slow light
+	  effects. The results indicate that the strong coupling of excitons
+	  and phonons is important, but the excitonexciton interaction
+	  plays a small role in the generation of the EIT. Numerical results
+	  for polydiacetylene-toluene sulfonate are also presented. This EIT
+	  in a solid-state medium might be utilized for efficient multiwave
+	  mixing and quantum nondemolition measurements, as well as for novel
+	  acousto- optical devices.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{HaasK03,
+	author	    = {Haas, M. and Keitel, C. H.},
+	title	    = {Low group velocity of light without an extra driving
+	  laser field},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {216},
+	pages	    = {385-389},
+	abstract    = {Coherent light pulse propagation is investigated in a
+	  medium of three-level atoms with two possibly closely spaced upper
+	  levels without the presence of any auxiliary driving laser fields.
+	  We derive an analytic expression for the group velocity in this
+	  system and demonstrate that it may be very low along with a small
+	  pulse distortion for a certain range of intensities. The group
+	  velocity is shown to depend sensitively on the upper level
+	  splitting and may thus be conveniently controlled by a magnetic
+	  field rather than an extra laser field. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science
+	  B.V. All rights reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{AlzarCGSN03,
+	author	    = {Alzar, C. L. G. and Cruz, L. S. and Gomez, J. G. A.
+	  and Santos, M. F. and Nussenzveig, P.},
+	title	    = {Super-Poissonian intensity fluctuations and
+	  correlations between pump and probe fields in Electromagnetically
+	  Induced Transparency},
+	journal     = {Europhys. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {61},
+	pages	    = {485-491},
+	abstract    = {We have measured the intensity fluctuations of pump
+	  and probe beams after interaction with Rb atoms in a situation of
+	  Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. Both fields present
+	  super-Poissonian statistics and their intensities become
+	  correlated, in good qualitative agreement with theoretical
+	  predictions in which both fields are treated quantummechanically.
+	  The intensity correlations measured are a first step towards the
+	  observation of entanglement between the fields.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{AkulshinCSHO03,
+	author	    = {Akulshin, A. M. and Cimmino, A. and Sidorov, A. I. and
+	  Hannaford, P. and Opat, G. I.},
+	title	    = {Light propagation in an atomic medium with steep and
+	  signreversible dispersion},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {67},
+	pages	    = {011801},
+	abstract    = {We show that ground-state Zeeman coherence prepared by
+	  twophoton Raman transitions in alkali atoms results in steep
+	  controllable and sign-reversible dispersion. Pulse propagation with
+	  small negative as well as positive group velocity of light (-c/5100
+	  and c/41 000) in a Cs vapor cell is reported. Energy exchange
+	  between copropagating light components through long- lived Zeeman
+	  coherence with enhanced absorption or transmission has been
+	  observed.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KlimovSDY03,
+	author	    = {Klimov, A. B. and Sanchez-Soto, L. L. and Delgado, J.
+	  and Yustas, E. C.},
+	title	    = {Phase states for a three-level atom interacting with
+	  quantum fields},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2003},
+	volume	    = {67},
+	pages	    = {013803},
+	abstract    = {We introduce phase operators associated with the
+	  algebra su(3), which is the appropriate tool to describe
+	  three-level systems. The rather unusual properties of this phase
+	  are caused by the small dimension of the system and are explored in
+	  detail. When a three-level atom interacts with a quantum field in a
+	  cavity, a polynomial deformation of this algebra emerges in a
+	  natural way. We also introduce a polar decomposition of the
+	  atom-field relative amplitudes that leads to a Hermitian
+	  relative-phase operator, whose eigenstates correctly describe the
+	  corresponding phase properties. We claim that this is the natural
+	  variable to deal with quantum interference effects in atom-field
+	  interactions. We find the probability distribution for this
+	  variable and study its time evolution in some special cases.
+	  }
+}
+
+
+@ARTICLE{RostovtsevPLJ02,
+	author	    = {Rostovtsev, Y. and Protsenko, I. and Lee, H. and
+	  Javan, A.},
+	title	    = {From laser-induced line narrowing to
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened
+	  system},
+	journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {49},
+	pages	    = {2501-2516},
+	abstract    = {The laser-induced line narrowing effect in Doppler
+	  broadened systems was discovered thirty years ago. We have
+	  revisited this effect to determine its role for dense gases where
+	  recent experimental studies have found many intriguing atomic
+	  coherence effects. Using the density matrix approach, we study the
+	  width of electromagnetically induced transparency under different
+	  regimes of broadening.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{RostovtsevKS02,
+	author	    = {Rostovtsev, Y. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Scully, M.
+	  O.},
+	title	    = {Stop and go control of light in hot atomic gases},
+	journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {49},
+	pages	    = {2637-2643},
+	abstract    = {We consider a new way to trap light pulses inside a
+	  gaseous medium by using additional electromagnetic fields. The
+	  drive field controls the transparency and the dispersion of the
+	  medium. Applied auxiliary fields provide additional control on the
+	  propagation of the probe pulse via the dragging effect resulting
+	  from the population redistribution between hyperfine levels of
+	  different velocity groups. The density matrix calculation is
+	  performed to prove that these effects are experimentally feasible.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KuznetsovaKHS02,
+	author	    = {Kuznetsova, E. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Hemmer, P.
+	  and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Atomic interference phenomena in solids with a
+	  long-lived spin coherence},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {66},
+	pages	    = {063802},
+	abstract    = {We generalize the theory of electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency (EIT) and slow group velocity for the case of
+	  the homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening in both oneand
+	  two-photon transitions which unavoidably takes place in solid
+	  materials with a long-lived spin coherence. We identify regimes of
+	  EIT where the linewidth can be essentially reduced due to
+	  inhomogeneous broadening and, moreover, can be proportional to the
+	  amplitude of the driving field rather than the intensity. We
+	  suggest also a class of solid materials, namely, rare-earth ion
+	  doped semiconductors or dielectrics with electricdipole allowed
+	  transitions, that is very promising for realization and
+	  applications of EIT.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{PatnaikLH02,
+	author	    = {Patnaik, A. K. and Liang, J. Q. and Hakuta, K.},
+	title	    = {Slow light propagation in a thin optical fiber via
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {66},
+	pages	    = {063808},
+	abstract    = {We propose a configuration that utilizes
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to tailor a fiber
+	  mode propagating inside a thin optical fiber and coherently control
+	  its dispersion properties to drastically reduce the group velocity
+	  of the fiber mode. The key to this proposal is that the evanescent
+	  field of the thin fiber strongly couples with the surrounding
+	  active medium, so that the EIT condition is met by the medium. We
+	  show how the properties of the fiber mode are modified due to the
+	  EIT medium, both numerically and analytically. We demonstrate that
+	  the group velocity of the modified fiber mode can be drastically
+	  reduced (approximate to44 m/sec) using the coherently prepared
+	  orthohydrogen doped in a matrix of parahydrogen crystal as the EIT
+	  medium.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{HuDLL02,
+	author	    = {Hu, Z. F. and Du, C. G. and Li, D. J. and Li, S. Q.},
+	title	    = {Atomic interaction effects on electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency and slow light in ultracold Bose gas},
+	journal     = {Chin. Phys. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {19},
+	pages	    = {1805-1807},
+	abstract    = {We investigate electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency and slow group velocity of light in ultracold Bose gas
+	  with a twophoton Raman process. The properties of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency and light speed can be
+	  changed by controlling the atomic interaction. Atomic interaction
+	  can be used as a knob to control the optical properties of atomic
+	  media. This can be realized in experiment by using the Feshbach
+	  resonance technique.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{HongJYM02,
+	author	    = {Hong, T. and Jack, M. W. and Yamashita, M. and Mukai,
+	  T.},
+	title	    = {Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity for self-action via atomic
+	  coherence in a four-level atomic system},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {214},
+	pages	    = {371-380},
+	abstract    = {Enhancement of optical Kerr nonlinearity for
+	  self-action by electro-magnetically induced transparency in a
+	  four-level atomic system including dephasing between the ground
+	  states is studied in detail by solving the density matrix equations
+	  for the atomic levels. We discern three major contributions, from
+	  energy shifts of the ground states induced by the probe light, to
+	  the third-order susceptibility in the four-level system. In this
+	  four-level system with the frequency-degenerate probes, quantum
+	  interference amongst the three contributions can, not only enhance
+	  the third-order susceptibility more effectively than in the
+	  three-level system with the same characteristic parameters, but
+	  also make the ratio between its real and imaginary part
+	  controllable. Due to dephasing between the two ground states and
+	  constructive quantum interference, the most effective enhancement
+	  generally occurs at an offset that is determined by the atomic
+	  transition frequency difference and the coupling Rabi frequency.
+	  (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{PayneDSA02,
+	author	    = {Payne, M. G. and Deng, L. and Schmitt, C. and
+	  Anderson, S.},
+	title	    = {Studies of group-velocity reduction and pulse
+	  regeneration with and without the adiabatic approximation},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {66},
+	pages	    = {043802},
+	abstract    = {We present a detailed semiclassical study of the
+	  propagation of a pair of optical fields in resonant media with and
+	  without the adiabatic approximation. In the case of nearand
+	  on-resonance excitation, we show detailed calculations, both
+	  analytical and numerical, of the extremely slowly propagating probe
+	  pulse and the subsequent regeneration of a pulse via a coupling
+	  laser. Further discussions of the adiabatic approximation provide
+	  much subtle understanding of the process, including the effect on
+	  the bandwidth of the regenerated optical field. We show that the
+	  adiabatic condition does not generally predict that the regenerated
+	  field will have the same bandwidth as that of the original probe
+	  pulse. Indeed, we show analytically that for a set of coupling
+	  pulses well satisfying the adiabatic conditions, the regenerated
+	  field usually has a different bandwidth from the original probe
+	  pulse. For very-far-off resonance excitations, we show that the
+	  analytical solution is nearly detuning independent, providing a
+	  simple condition is satisfied. This surprising result is vigorously
+	  tested and compared to numerical calculations with very good
+	  agreement.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{GodoneLM02,
+	author	    = {Godone, A. and Levi, F. and Micalizio, S.},
+	title	    = {Slow light and superluminality in the coherent
+	  population trapping maser},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {66},
+	pages	    = {043804},
+	abstract    = {The propagation of a band-limited light pulse through
+	  an atomic medium under a A excitation scheme is theoretically
+	  analyzed in this paper. We consider in particular the case where
+	  the light pulse is detected through the coherent microwave emission
+	  of the atomic ensemble (coherent population trapping maser).
+	  Significant differences are predicted with respect to the more
+	  usual optical detection (electromagnetically induced transparency
+	  signal) and found in agreement with the experimental results.
+	  Higher signal delays were observed m the microwave emission than in
+	  the optical signal with an equivalent group velocity of 6 m/s as
+	  well as highly superluminal propagation under a proper modulation
+	  scheme. The experiments were performed with a thermal Rb-87 vapor
+	  in buffer gas.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ThanopulosS02,
+	author	    = {Thanopulos, I. and Shapiro, M.},
+	title	    = {Slowing down of light by laser induced barrier
+	  hopping},
+	journal     = {J. Chem. Phys.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {117},
+	pages	    = {8404-8411},
+	abstract    = {We suggest that a very significant reduction in the
+	  group velocity of light occurs in a laser induced barrier-hopping
+	  process, known as "Laser Catalysis.'' In this process a system is
+	  made to hop over a potential barrier via a virtual transition to an
+	  excited bound state. As in electromagnetically induced transparency
+	  (EIT), the light absorption is predicted to dip to zero at a
+	  certain frequency, thereby also changing the refractive index,
+	  inducing in turn the slowing down of the group velocity of the
+	  light. In contrast to EIT, a single pulse is predicted to induce
+	  its own transparency and in contrast to self-induced transparency
+	  the process is predicted to be insensitive to the pulse area (as
+	  long as the pulse is intense enough to meet the adiabaticity
+	  criterion). Thus, the medium becomes transparent to the light, as
+	  the laser induced barrierhopping process brings about a
+	  fundamental change in the medium. (C) 2002 American Institute of
+	  Physics.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{AkulshinCO02,
+	author	    = {Akulshin, A. M. and Cimmino, A. and Opat, G. I.},
+	title	    = {Negative group velocity of a light pulse in cesium
+	  vapour},
+	journal     = {Quantum Electron.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {32},
+	pages	    = {567-569},
+	abstract    = {Electromagnetically induced absorption in cesium
+	  vapour causes an extremely strong anomalous dispersion, leading to
+	  the propagation of radiation at a low negative group velocity V-g.
+	  As a result, a resonance light pulse appears from the medium before
+	  than a nonresonance pulse. The advance time measured in the
+	  experiment corresponds to the group velocity V-g approximate to
+	  -c/3600, which is an order of magnitude lower than that reported by
+	  Wang L.J., et al. Nature, 406, 277 (2000).
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{DengHP02,
+	author	    = {Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Payne, M. G.},
+	title	    = {Optical wave group velocity reduction in sodium
+	  without onresonance electromagnetically induced transparency},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {212},
+	pages	    = {101-105},
+	abstract    = {A Raman scheme for optical-pulse group velocity
+	  reduction is applied to a pure lifetime broadened sodium atomic
+	  system. In addition to the significant reduction of group velocity,
+	  probe field loss and smaller pulse distortion, as expected for such
+	  a scheme, we also investigate possible dipole moment combinations
+	  for the optimum probe pulse propagation. We show that the nuclear
+	  spin of sodium atomic system and proper laser coupling scheme can
+	  conspire to dramatically reduce the influence of any nearby state
+	  in a multi-level system, making it a nearly perfect 3-level system.
+	  (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KozumaADHP02,
+	author	    = {Kozuma, M. and Akamatsu, D. and Deng, L. and Hagley,
+	  E. W. and Payne, M. G.},
+	title	    = {Steep optical-wave group-velocity reduction and
+	  "storage" of light without on-resonance electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {66},
+	pages	    = {031801},
+	abstract    = {We report on experimental investigation of
+	  optical-pulse groupvelocity reduction and probe-pulse
+	  "regeneration" using a Raman scheme. This scheme, which does not
+	  rely on the commonly used on-one-photon-resonance
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) process, has many
+	  advantages over the conventional method that critically relies on
+	  the transparency window created by an EIT process. We demonstrate
+	  significant reduction of the group velocity, less probe-field loss,
+	  reduced probe-pulse distortion, and high probe-pulse regeneration
+	  efficiency.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{SoljacicJFIIJ02,
+	author	    = {Soljacic, M. and Johnson, S. G. and Fan, S. H. and
+	  Ibanescu, M. and Ippen, E. and Joannopoulos, J. D.},
+	title	    = {Photonic-crystal slow-light enhancement of nonlinear
+	  phase sensitivity},
+	journal     = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {19},
+	pages	    = {2052-2059},
+	abstract    = {We demonstrate how slow group velocities of light,
+	  which are readily achievable in photonic-crystal systems, can
+	  dramatically increase the induced phase shifts caused by small
+	  changes in the index of refraction. Such increased phase
+	  sensitivity may be used to decrease the sizes of many devices,
+	  including switches, routers, all-optical logical gates, wavelength
+	  converters, and others. At the same time a low group velocity
+	  greatly decreases the power requirements needed to operate these
+	  devices. We show how these advantages can be used to design
+	  switches smaller than 20 mum x 200 mum in size by using readily
+	  available materials and at modest levels of power. With this
+	  approach, one could have similar to10(5) such devices on a surface
+	  that is 2 cm x 2 cm, making it an important step towards
+	  large-scale all-optical integration. (C) 2002 Optical Society of
+	  America.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{DengHKP02,
+	author	    = {Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Kozuma, M. and Payne,
+	  M. G.},
+	title	    = {Optical-wave group-velocity reduction without
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (vol A 65, art no 051805,
+	  2002)},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {66},
+	pages	    = {029903},
+	abstract    = {}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{CerboneschiRA02,
+	author	    = {Cerboneschi, E. and Renzoni, F. and Arimondo, E.},
+	title	    = {Quantum interference and slow light propagation in
+	  cold samples of open three-level atoms},
+	journal     = {J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {4},
+	pages	    = {S267-S272},
+	abstract    = {We investigate theoretically the propagation of a
+	  probe laser pulse through a cold sample of three-level atoms in the
+	  presence of a strong coupling field. Our numerical analysis shows
+	  that the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon
+	  produces very small group velocities for the probe pulse even if
+	  the three-level atomic system is open, i.e. in the presence of
+	  decay channels to levels not excited by the laser radiation. The
+	  role of the atomic momentum on the slow light propagation is
+	  briefly discussed.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{PaspalakisK02,
+	author	    = {Paspalakis, E. and Knight, P. L.},
+	title	    = {Transparency, slow light and enhanced nonlinear optics
+	  in a four-level scheme},
+	journal     = {J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {4},
+	pages	    = {S372-S375},
+	abstract    = {We analyse the interaction of three laser fields with
+	  a fourlevel quantum system in a tripod configuration. We obtain
+	  an analytical expression for the steady state linear susceptibility
+	  of a probe laser field and show that the system can exhibit double
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency with controlled group
+	  velocity. We also show that a coherently prepared tripod scheme can
+	  be used for efficient nonlinear generation of new laser fields.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ArkhipkinT02,
+	author	    = {Arkhipkin, V. G. and Timofeev, I. V.},
+	title	    = {Electromagnetically induced transparency; writing,
+	  storing, and reading short optical pulses},
+	journal     = {Jetp Lett.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {76},
+	pages	    = {66-70},
+	abstract    = {The spatiotemporal propagation dynamics of a weak
+	  probe pulse in an optically dense medium of three-level atoms is
+	  studied in the adiabatic approximation under conditions of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency. The atomic coherence
+	  induced at the dipole-forbidden transitions is found to be
+	  spatially localized. This effect is used for the analysis of the
+	  reversible writing (reading) of short optical pulses. The method of
+	  pulse time reversal is suggested. (C) 2002 MAIK
+	  "Nauka/Interperiodica".
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{WangZ02,
+	author	    = {Wang, K. and Zhu, S.},
+	title	    = {Storage states in ultracold collective atoms},
+	journal     = {Eur. Phys. J. D},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {20},
+	pages	    = {281-292},
+	abstract    = {We present a complete theoretical description of
+	  atomic storage states in the multimode framework by including
+	  spatial coherence in atomic collective operators and atomic storage
+	  states. We show that atomic storage states are Dicke states with
+	  the maximum cooperation number. In some limits, a set of multimode
+	  atomic storage states has been established,in correspondence with
+	  multimode Fock states of the electromagnetic field. This gives
+	  better understanding of both the quantum and coherent information
+	  of optical field can be preserved and recovered in ultracold
+	  medium. In this treatment, we discuss in detail both the adiabatic
+	  and dynamic transfer of quantum information between the field and
+	  the ultracold medium.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{JavanKLS02,
+	author	    = {Javan, A. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Lee, H. and
+	  Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Narrowing of electromagnetically induced transparency
+	  resonance in a Doppler-broadened medium},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {66},
+	pages	    = {013805},
+	abstract    = {We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a
+	  Doppler-broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low
+	  intensity of the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to
+	  the square root of intensity and is independent of the Doppler
+	  width, similar to the laser-induced line narrowing effect described
+	  by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we recover the
+	  usual power-broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional
+	  to the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{PaspalakisK02,
+	author	    = {Paspalakis, E. and Knight, P. L.},
+	title	    = {Electromagnetically induced transparency and
+	  controlled group velocity in a multilevel system},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {66},
+	pages	    = {015802},
+	abstract    = {We analyze the interaction of N laser fields with a
+	  (N+1)-level quantum system. A general analytic expression for the
+	  steadystate linear susceptibility for a probe-laser field is
+	  obtained and we show that the system can exhibit multiple
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency, with at most N-1
+	  transparency windows occurring in the system. The group velocity of
+	  the probe-laser pulse can also be controlled.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{DengHKAP02,
+	author	    = {Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Kozuma, M. and
+	  Akamatsu, D. and Payne, M. G.},
+	title	    = {Achieving very-low-loss group velocity reduction
+	  without electromagnetically induced transparency},
+	journal     = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {81},
+	pages	    = {1168-1170},
+	abstract    = {A Raman method is studied experimentally for potential
+	  opticalwave group velocity reduction in resonant medium.
+	  Specifically, we show that the proposed method can achieve
+	  significant group velocity reduction comparable to the conventional
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) method that had been
+	  exclusively used to date. In addition, we show that this method has
+	  a significantly lower loss compared to the EIT method, and has rich
+	  dynamics such as probe pulse narrowing. Such features have
+	  applications in the domain of telecommunication technology. (C)
+	  2002 American Institute of Physics.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{CerboneschiRA02,
+	author	    = {Cerboneschi, E. and Renzoni, F. and Arimondo, E.},
+	title	    = {Dynamics of slow-light formation},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {208},
+	pages	    = {125-130},
+	abstract    = {We investigate theoretically the phenomenon of slow
+	  light in a cold sample of open three-level atoms interacting with
+	  the two light fields in the A configuration. We consider a cold
+	  atomic sample geometry such that the photon reabsorption is greatly
+	  reduced, and therefore the medium properties are determined by the
+	  single atom response. The dynamics of the slow propagating light
+	  pulse is examined, and the typical length scales for the
+	  propagation derived. We demonstrate that STIRAP is the mechanism
+	  behind the slow-light phenomenon. Furthermore, in the considered
+	  geometry a significant occupation of the excited state in the early
+	  phase of the propagation does not necessarily imply a decay of the
+	  ground-state coherence, and therefore does not inhibit the
+	  slow-light formation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
+	  reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ArtoniBCL02,
+	author	    = {Artoni, M. and Bassani, F. and Carusotto, I. and La
+	  Rocca, G. C.},
+	title	    = {The regime of electromagnetically induced transparency
+	  in optically dense media: from atoms to excitons},
+	journal     = {Braz. J. Phys.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {32},
+	pages	    = {275-283},
+	abstract    = {The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency (EIT) was discovered by Adriano Gozzini and coworkers
+	  in 1976 in Pisa. Novel schemes to investigate and exploit EIT in
+	  the optical domain have attracted much interest both in atomic and
+	  solid state systems. We discuss some of our recent theoretical
+	  results, in particular: i) a well developed EIT regime based on
+	  free exciton levels in undoped bulk crystalline Cu2O; ii) light
+	  dragging effects in moving media under EIT; iii) the coherent
+	  control of Cherenkov radiation in the EIT regime.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ZibrovLHS02,
+	author	    = {Zibrov, A. S. and Lukin, M. D. and Hollberg, L. and
+	  Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Efficient frequency up-conversion in resonant coherent
+	  media},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {65},
+	pages	    = {051801},
+	abstract    = {We demonstrate an efficient frequency up-conversion
+	  based on generation of large atomic coherence in a cascade system.
+	  Two infrared, low power laser fields tuned to the vicinity of the
+	  two-photon transition in Rb vapor were converted spontaneously into
+	  infrared and blue radiation. Extension of the technique into other
+	  spectral regions using highly excited states seems feasible.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{DengHKP02,
+	author	    = {Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Kozuma, M. and Payne,
+	  M. G.},
+	title	    = {Optical-wave group-velocity reduction without
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {65},
+	pages	    = {051805},
+	abstract    = {A Raman scheme for optical-pulse group-velocity
+	  reduction in a pure lifetime broadened system is studied. We show
+	  that this nonelectromagnetically induced transparency (NEIT) scheme
+	  has many advantages over the conventional method that critically
+	  relies on the transparency window created by an EIT process.
+	  Significant reduction of the group velocity, probe field loss, and
+	  pulse distortion are reported. In addition, rich dynamics of the
+	  propagation process are studied.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{GreentreeSdDMSV02,
+	author	    = {Greentree, A. D. and Smith, T. B. and de Echaniz, S.
+	  R. and Durrant, A. V. and Marangos, J. P. and Segal, D. M. and
+	  Vaccaro, J. A.},
+	title	    = {Resonant and off-resonant transients in
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency: Turn-on and turn-off
+	  dynamics},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {65},
+	pages	    = {053802},
+	abstract    = {This paper presents a wide-ranging theoretical and
+	  experimental study of nonadiabatic transient phenomena in a Lambda
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency system when a strong
+	  coupling field is rapidly switched on or off. The theoretical
+	  treatment uses a Laplace transform approach to solve the time-
+	  dependent density matrix equation. The experiments are carried out
+	  in a Rb-87 magneto-optical trap. The results show transient probe
+	  gain in parameter regions not previously studied, and provide
+	  insight into the transition dynamics between bare and dressed
+	  states.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KozlovWR02,
+	author	    = {Kozlov, V. V. and Wallentowitz, S. and Raghavan, S.},
+	title	    = {Ultrahigh reflection from a medium with ultraslow
+	  group velocity},
+	journal     = {Phys. Lett. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {296},
+	pages	    = {210-213},
+	abstract    = {We show that an incident wavepacket at the boundary to
+	  a medium with extremely slow group velocity, experiences enhanced
+	  reflection and a substantial spatial and temporal distortion of the
+	  transmitted wavepacket. In the limit of vanishing group velocity,
+	  light cannot be transferred into the medium due to its perfect
+	  reflectivity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{GodoneLM02,
+	author	    = {Godone, A. and Levi, F. and Micalizio, S.},
+	title	    = {Propagation and density effects in the
+	  coherent-populationtrapping maser},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {65},
+	pages	    = {033802},
+	abstract    = {The coherent microwave emission from an optically
+	  thick atomic ensemble in a cavity under coherent population
+	  trapping is analyzed. Transient and continuous operations are
+	  theoretically examined within the frame of a closed three-level
+	  system in the Dicke regime. The effects related to the atomic
+	  density and to the propagation in the active medium are examined
+	  with particular reference to the subnatural linewidth, the low
+	  group velocity and the shifts of the maser emission profile from
+	  the unperturbed atomic transition. The case of alkali-metal atoms
+	  submitted to a L excitation scheme is addressed in view of
+	  applications in the atomic frequency standard field.
+	  Experimental observations in agreement with the theoretical
+	  predictions are reported for the case of rubidium in a buffer gas.
+	  Apparent superluminal propagation is also reported and briefly
+	  discussed.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{QiSKLMLNFL02,
+	author	    = {Qi, J. and Spano, F. C. and Kirova, T. and Lazoudis,
+	  A. and Magnes, J. and Li, L. and Narducci, L. M. and Field, R. W.
+	  and Lyyra, A. M.},
+	title	    = {Measurement of transition dipole moments in lithium
+	  dimers using electromagnetically induced transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {88},
+	pages	    = {173003},
+	abstract    = {We have observed electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency in a Doppler broadened molecular cascade system using
+	  fluorescence detection. We demonstrate that the power-dependent
+	  splitting of lines in the upper-level fluorescence excitation
+	  spectrum can be used as a new spectroscopic tool for the
+	  measurement of molecular transition dipole moment functions.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{YeZRS02,
+	author	    = {Ye, C. Y. and Zibrov, A. S. and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and
+	  Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Unexpected Doppler-free resonance in generalized
+	  double dark states},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {65},
+	pages	    = {043805},
+	abstract    = {Doppler-free resonances have been observed in Rb
+	  atomic vapor coherently driven by two strong-coupling fields in an
+	  intrinsically non-Doppler-free geometry. A four-level theoretical
+	  model explains the experimental results. The explanation of the
+	  physics is based on the interplay between coherences generated in a
+	  four-level system.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Leonhardt02,
+	author	    = {Leonhardt, U.},
+	title	    = {Theory of a slow-light catastrophe},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {65},
+	pages	    = {043818},
+	abstract    = {In diffraction catastrophes such as the rainbow, the
+	  wave nature of light resolves ray singularities and draws delicate
+	  interference patterns. In quantum catastrophes such as the black
+	  hole, the quantum nature of light resolves wave singularities and
+	  creates characteristic quantum effects related to Hawking
+	  radiation. This paper describes the theory behind a recent proposal
+	  [U. Leonhardt, Nature (London) 415, 406 (2002)] to generate a
+	  quantum catastrophe of slow light.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{DengKHP02,
+	author	    = {Deng, L. and Kozuma, M. and Hagley, E. W. and Payne,
+	  M. G.},
+	title	    = {Opening optical four-wave mixing channels with giant
+	  enhancement using ultraslow pump waves},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {88},
+	pages	    = {143902},
+	abstract    = {We show that by strongly modifying the dispersion
+	  properties of a four-level system, nonexisting wave mixing channels
+	  can be opened and significantly enhanced. Specifically, we show
+	  that coherent optical four-wave mixing with a pump wave mediated by
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency ( thereby propagating with
+	  an extremely slow group velocity) will lead to many orders of
+	  magnitude enhancement in the amplitude of the generated wave.
+	  Contrary to common belief, a large transparency window, which
+	  causes a large propagation velocity, actually diminishes efficient
+	  mixing wave production.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MairHPWL02,
+	author	    = {Mair, A. and Hager, J. and Phillips, D. F. and
+	  Walsworth, R. L. and Lukin, M. D.},
+	title	    = {Phase coherence and control of stored photonic
+	  information},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {65},
+	pages	    = {031802},
+	abstract    = {We report the demonstration of phase coherence and
+	  control for the recently developed "light-storage'' technique.
+	  Specifically, we employ a dynamic form of electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency to bring the group velocity of a light pulse
+	  to zero, thereby mapping the photonic information into an ensemble
+	  spin coherence in warm Rb vapor. We then apply a pulsed magnetic
+	  field to vary the phase of the atomic spin excitations and map the
+	  altered information back into light. We detect the resultant phase
+	  shift in an optical interferometric measurement, thus confirming
+	  that the storage process preserves phase coherence.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ZibrovMKRWS02,
+	author	    = {Zibrov, A. S. and Matsko, A. B. and Kocharovskaya, O.
+	  and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and Welch, G. R. and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Transporting and time reversing light via atomic
+	  coherence},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {88},
+	pages	    = {103601},
+	abstract    = {We study basic issues central to the storage of
+	  quantum information in a coherently prepared atomic medium such as
+	  the role of adiabaticity. We also propose and demonstrate
+	  transporting. multiplexing, and time reversing of stored light.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{FleischhauerL02,
+	author	    = {Fleischhauer, M. and Lukin, M. D.},
+	title	    = {Quantum memory for photons: Dark-state polaritons},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {65},
+	pages	    = {022314},
+	abstract    = {An ideal and reversible transfer technique for the
+	  quantum state between light and metastable collective states of
+	  matter is presented and analyzed in detail. The method is based on
+	  the control of photon propagation in coherently driven three-level
+	  atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced
+	  to zero. Form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter
+	  ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the propagation C of
+	  quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency are
+	  identified, their basic properties discussed and their application
+	  for quantum memories for light analyzed.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{WangGX02,
+	author	    = {Wang, H. and Goorskey, D. J. and Xiao, M.},
+	title	    = {Atomic coherence induced Kerr nonlinearity enhancement
+	  in Rb vapour},
+	journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {49},
+	pages	    = {335-347},
+	abstract    = {The Kerr nonlinear index of refraction for rubidium
+	  atoms is measured by using an optical ring cavity with and without
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Significant
+	  enhancement and inhibition of the Kerr nonlinear index is observed
+	  near resonance with EIT. The nonlinear index of refraction is
+	  measured as functions of probe and coupling frequency detunings,
+	  respectively, with and without the presence of EIT. A simple
+	  theoretical calculation including Doppler broadening is presented
+	  and is found to be in good qualitative agreement with the
+	  experimentally measured results.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MatskoNW02,
+	author	    = {Matsko, A. B. and Novikova, I. and Welch, G. R.},
+	title	    = {Radiation trapping under conditions of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency},
+	journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {49},
+	pages	    = {367-378},
+	abstract    = {Reabsorption of spontaneously emitted photons, or
+	  radiation trapping, is a process that occurs when light interacts
+	  with optically thick media. It is shown, both theoretically and
+	  experimentally, that this effect in optically thick atomic vapour
+	  leads to a decrease in transmission of coherent laser radiation
+	  propagating under conditions of electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency (EIT). A simple theory is developed taking into
+	  account the radiation trapping, which is in a good agreement with
+	  the experimental observations and exact numerical simulation. This
+	  allows better understanding of the physics of EIT in general, and
+	  properties of dense coherent atomic media in particular.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{YanRZ02,
+	author	    = {Yan, M. and Rickey, E. G. and Zhu, Y. F.},
+	title	    = {Observations of absorptive photon switching and
+	  suppression of two-photon absorption in cold atoms},
+	journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {49},
+	pages	    = {675-685},
+	abstract    = {Atomic coherence and interference in an atomic medium
+	  exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency may lead to
+	  enhancement or suppression of nonlinear susceptibilities.
+	  Absorptive photon switching has been observed by constructive
+	  quantum interference, which is based on the enhanced thirdorder,
+	  nonlinear absorption in a four-level system. In a different
+	  four-level system, suppression of the two-photon absorption by
+	  destructive quantum interference has been observed. Experiments
+	  were carried out on Rb-87 atoms cooled and confined in a
+	  magneto-optical trap and the experimental results agree with
+	  theoretical calculations of simple four- level model systems.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Wilson-GordonF02,
+	author	    = {Wilson-Gordon, A. D. and Friedmann, H.},
+	title	    = {Positive and negative dispersion in a three-level A
+	  system driven by a single pump},
+	journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {49},
+	pages	    = {125-139},
+	abstract    = {We extend our previous study of a nearly degenerate A
+	  threelevel system that exhibits population trapping when driven
+	  by a single pump and produces an absorption or gain doublet in the
+	  probe absorption spectrum. In particular, we show, that the probe
+	  dispersion is positive or negative between the doublet lines, and
+	  can survive Doppler broadening. For certain values of the pump Rabi
+	  frequency, the sign of the dispersion can be changed by altering
+	  the ratio of the splitting between the lower levels to the Doppler
+	  width.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{GoorskeyWBX02,
+	author	    = {Goorskey, D. J. and Wang, H. and Burkett, W. H. and
+	  Xiao, M.},
+	title	    = {Effects of a highly dispersive atomic medium inside an
+	  optical ring cavity},
+	journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {49},
+	pages	    = {305-317},
+	abstract    = {Atomic media inside an optical cavity can
+	  significantly alter the spectral response of the cavity. Both
+	  theoretical and experimental examinations are made of the cavity
+	  transmission with a highly dispersive intracavity multilevel atomic
+	  medium. It is found, owing to the reduced absorption and steep
+	  dispersion change accompanying electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency in such a multi-level atomic medium, that the cavity
+	  linewidth can be made much narrower than the empty cavity
+	  linewidth. Cavity linewidth narrowing is measured as a function of
+	  both the coupling beam power and the atomic density. These
+	  experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical
+	  predictions.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{WangZ02,
+	author	    = {Wang, K. G. and Zhu, S. Y.},
+	title	    = {Atomic storage states},
+	journal     = {Chin. Phys. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {19},
+	pages	    = {56-59},
+	abstract    = {We present a complete description of atomic storage
+	  states which may appear in the electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency (EIT). The result shows that the spatial coherence has
+	  been included in the atomic collective operators and the atomic
+	  storage states. In some limits, a set of multimode atomic storage
+	  states has been established in correspondence with the multimode
+	  Fock states of the electromagnetic field. This gives a better
+	  understanding of the fact that, in EIT, the optical coherent
+	  information can be preserved and recovered.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{TurukhinSSMHH02,
+	author	    = {Turukhin, A. V. and Sudarshanam, V. S. and Shahriar,
+	  M. S. and Musser, J. A. and Ham, B. S. and Hemmer, P. R.},
+	title	    = {Observation of ultraslow and stored light pulses in a
+	  solid},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {8802},
+	pages	    = {023602},
+	abstract    = {We report ultraslow group velocities of light in an
+	  optically dense crystal of Pr doped Y2SiO5. Light speeds as slow as
+	  45 m/s were observed, corresponding to a group delay of 66 mus.
+	  Deceleration and "stopping" or trapping of the light pulse was also
+	  observed. These reductions of the group velocity are accomplished
+	  by using a sharp spectral feature in absorption and dispersion that
+	  is produced by resonance Raman excitation of a ground-state spin
+	  coherence.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{FiurasekLP02,
+	author	    = {Fiurasek, J. and Leonhardt, U. and Parentani, R.},
+	title	    = {Slow-light pulses in moving media},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {6501},
+	pages	    = {011802},
+	abstract    = {Slow light in moving media reaches a counterintuitive
+	  regime when the flow speed of the medium approaches the group
+	  velocity of light. Pulses can penetrate a region where a
+	  counterpropagating flow exceeds the group velocity. When the
+	  counterflow slows down, pulses are reflected.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{AlzarMN02,
+	author	    = {Alzar, C. L. G. and Martinez, M. A. G. and
+	  Nussenzveig, P.},
+	title	    = {Classical analog of electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency},
+	journal     = {Am. J. Phys.},
+	year	    = {2002},
+	volume	    = {70},
+	pages	    = {37-41},
+	abstract    = {We present a classical analog of electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency (EIT). In a system of just two coupled
+	  harmonic oscillators subject to a harmonic driving force, we
+	  reproduce the phenomenology observed in EIT. We also describe a
+	  simple experiment with two linearly coupled RLC circuits which can
+	  be incorporated into an undergraduate laboratory. (C) 2002 American
+	  Association of Physics Teachers.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ZhangDCXPX01,
+	author	    = {Zhang, J. X. and Dong, R. F. and Chang, H. and Xie, C.
+	  D. and Peng, K. C. and Xiao, M.},
+	title	    = {Experimental demonstration of electromagnetic induced
+	  transparency and dispersion effects in Cs atom vapour},
+	journal     = {Chin. Phys. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {18},
+	pages	    = {1586-1588},
+	abstract    = {The effects of the electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency and dispersion of a A-type three-level atomic system
+	  are experimentally measured with a vapour cell of Cs atoms. The
+	  steep dispersion at low absorption is observed. Thus a small group
+	  velocity for the probe beam is inferred from the measured
+	  dispersion curve.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ZhuL01,
+	author	    = {Zhu, K. D. and Li, W. S.},
+	title	    = {Electromagnetically induced transparency due to
+	  exciton-phonon interaction in an organic quantum well},
+	journal     = {J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {34},
+	pages	    = {L679-L686},
+	abstract    = {Using the bosonic exciton approximation, we show that
+	  there exists electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an
+	  organic quantum well which includes the interaction of charge-
+	  transfer excitons and phonons. The numerical results indicate that
+	  the strong exciton-phonon interaction plays a key role in the
+	  generation of the EIT. Without the exciton-phonon coupling, the EIT
+	  will disappear immediately. Ultraslow light effects are also
+	  discussed in this system.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{LinLRYP01,
+	author	    = {Lin, F. C. and Lee, J. M. and Rhee, Y. J. and Yi, J.
+	  H. and Park, H.},
+	title	    = {Raman scattering in coherently prepared atomic system},
+	journal     = {Chin. Phys. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {18},
+	pages	    = {1473-1475},
+	abstract    = {Atoms in the coherent superposition state prepared by
+	  a pulse pair are used as a novel optical memory material where a
+	  single interrogation pulse will produce a new pulse pair preserving
+	  the relative amplitudes and phases of the preparing pulse pair.
+	  Such a coherent superposition state can also be specially tailored
+	  along the propagation path to generate Raman scattering in a
+	  relatively short distance with very high efficiency.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MatskoKRWZS01,
+	author	    = {Matsko, A. B. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Rostovtsev, Y.
+	  and Welch, G. R. and Zibrov, A. S. and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Slow, ultraslow, stored, and frozen light},
+	journal     = {Advan Atom Mol Opt Phys},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {46},
+	pages	    = {191-242},
+	abstract    = {}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{AgarwalDM01,
+	author	    = {Agarwal, G. S. and Dey, T. N. and Menon, S.},
+	title	    = {Knob for changing light propagation from subluminal to
+	  superluminal},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6405},
+	pages	    = {053809},
+	abstract    = {We show how the application of a coupling field
+	  connecting the two lower metastable states of a Lambda system can
+	  produce a variety of effects on the propagation of a weak
+	  electromagnetic pulse. In principle the light propagation can be
+	  changed from subluminal to superluminal. The negative group index
+	  results from regions of anomalous dispersion and gain in
+	  susceptibility.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{YanRZ01,
+	author	    = {Yan, M. and Rickey, E. G. and Zhu, Y. F.},
+	title	    = {Observation of absorptive photon switching by quantum
+	  interference},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6404},
+	pages	    = {041801},
+	abstract    = {We report an experimental demonstration of photon
+	  switching by quantum interference in a four-level atomic system
+	  proposed by Harris and Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3611 (1998)].
+	  Quantum interference inhibits single-photon absorption but enhances
+	  third-order, two-photon-type absorption in the four-level system.
+	  We have observed greatly enhanced nonlinear absorption in the
+	  four-level system realized with cold Rb-87 atoms and demonstrated
+	  fast switching of the nonlinear absorption with a pulsed pump
+	  laser.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MatskoRKZS01,
+	author	    = {Matsko, A. B. and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and Kocharovskaya,
+	  O. and Zibrov, A. S. and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Nonadiabatic approach to quantum optical information
+	  storage},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6404},
+	pages	    = {043809},
+	abstract    = {We show that there is no need for adiabatic passage in
+	  the storage and retrieval of information in the optically thick
+	  vapor of Lambda-type atoms. This information can be mapped into and
+	  retrieved out of long-lived atomic coherence with nearly perfect
+	  efficiency by strong writing and reading pulses with steep rising
+	  and falling edges. We elucidate similarities and differences
+	  between the "adiabatic" and "instant" light storage techniques, and
+	  conclude that for any switching time, an almost perfect information
+	  storage is possible if the group velocity of the signal pulse is
+	  much less than the speed of light in the vacuum c and the bandwidth
+	  of the signal pulse is much less then the width of the two-photon
+	  resonance. The maximum loss of the information appears in the case
+	  of instantaneous switching of the writing and reading fields
+	  compared with adiabatic switching, and is determined by the ratio
+	  of the initial group velocity of the signal pulse in the medium and
+	  speed of light in the vacuum c, which can be very small. Quantum
+	  restrictions to the storage efficiency are also discussed.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ShakhmuratovOCMKM01,
+	author	    = {Shakhmuratov, R. N. and Odeurs, J. and Coussement, R.
+	  and Megret, P. and Kozyreff, G. and Mandel, P.},
+	title	    = {Electromagnetically induced transparency via adiabatic
+	  following of the nonabsorbing state},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {8715},
+	pages	    = {153601},
+	abstract    = {It is shown that the adiabatic following of the dark,
+	  nonabsorbing state improves significantly the electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency performance and slows down the group velocity
+	  of the probe pulse. This concept can be used for fast selective
+	  gating of one pulse out of a pulse train.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{DengPH01,
+	author	    = {Deng, L. and Payne, M. G. and Hagley, E. W.},
+	title	    = {Propagation of light pulse in an ultra-cold atomic
+	  vapor: mechanism for the loss of the probe field},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {198},
+	pages	    = {129-133},
+	abstract    = {We examine the role of nearby hyper-fine levels in a
+	  threelevel transparency driven system in which a slow group
+	  velocity of light propagation is anticipated. In addition to
+	  accounting for the significant (> 80\%) probe field loss, our
+	  theory can accurately model the significant (near 30\%) pulse
+	  broadening found in two recent experiments. Other excitation
+	  schemes for reducing the absorption from nearby levels are
+	  discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{PayneD01,
+	author	    = {Payne, M. G. and Deng, L.},
+	title	    = {Extremely slow propagation of a light pulse in an
+	  ultracold atomic vapor: A Raman scheme without electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6403},
+	pages	    = {031802},
+	abstract    = {We describe a Raman scheme where the group velocity of
+	  an optical pulse can be altered dramatically. With this none
+	  electromagnetically-induced-transparency scheme, we show that when
+	  on a two-photon resonance, a light pulse can propagate with
+	  extremely slow group velocity. Both pulse narrowing and broadening
+	  can occur depending upon the choice of two-photon detuning. When
+	  using a tuned far-off two-photon resonance, we show that the pulse
+	  propagates "superluminally" in the medium with pulse narrowing.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{SilvaMAC01,
+	author	    = {Silva, F. and Mompart, J. and Ahufinger, V. and
+	  Corbalen, R.},
+	title	    = {Electromagnetically induced transparency with a
+	  standing-wave drive in the frequency up-conversion regime},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6403},
+	pages	    = {033802},
+	abstract    = {We study electromagnetically induced transparency for
+	  a probe traveling-wave (TW) laser field in closed Doppler-broadened
+	  three-level systems driven by a standing-wave (SW) laser field of
+	  moderate intensity (its Rabi frequencies are smaller than the
+	  Doppler width of the driven transition). We show that probe windows
+	  of transparency occur for values of the probe to drive field
+	  frequency ratio R close to half-integer values. For optical
+	  transitions and typical values of Doppler broadening for atoms in a
+	  vapor cell, we show that for R > 1 a SW drive field is appreciably
+	  more efficient than a TW drive in inducing probe transparency. As
+	  examples, we consider parameters for real cascade schemes in barium
+	  atoms with R approximate to 1.5 and in beryllium atoms with R
+	  approximate to 3.5 showing that probe transmission values well
+	  above 50\% are possible for conditions in which it is almost
+	  negligible either without driving field or with only one of the TW
+	  components of the drive. We show that a strongly asymmetric drive
+	  having two TW components with unequal intensities is even more
+	  efficient than a symmetric SW drive in inducing probe transparency.
+	  The case of arbitrary probe intensity is also considered.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{LukinI01,
+	author	    = {Lukin, M. D. and Imamoglu, A.},
+	title	    = {Controlling photons using electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency},
+	journal     = {Nature},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {413},
+	pages	    = {273-276},
+	abstract    = {It is well known that a dielectric medium can be used
+	  to manipulate properties of light pulses. However, optical
+	  absorption limits the extent of possible control: this is
+	  especially important for weak light pulses. Absorption in an opaque
+	  medium can be eliminated via quantum mechanical interference, an
+	  effect known as electromagnetically induced transparency.
+	  Theoretical and experimental work has demonstrated that this
+	  phenomenon can be used to slow down light pulses dramatically, or
+	  even bring them to a complete halt. Interactions between photons in
+	  such an atomic medium can be many orders of magnitude stronger than
+	  in conventional optical materials.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KwonKMPK01,
+	author	    = {Kwon, M. and Kim, K. and Moon, H. S. and Park, H. D.
+	  and Kim, J. B.},
+	title	    = {Dependence of electromagnetically induced absorption
+	  on two combinations of orthogonal polarized beams},
+	journal     = {J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {34},
+	pages	    = {2951-2961},
+	abstract    = {We observed quite different spectra for
+	  electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in two cases where the
+	  polarizations of the lasers was orthogonally linear and
+	  counter-rotating circular, respectively. By using the density
+	  matrix equation we were able to try to confirm that the difference
+	  between them may result from the spontaneous transfer process
+	  occurring between subsystems within the system. The experimental
+	  results agree qualitatively well with the simulated spectra in the
+	  Doppler-broadened system.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{WangGX01,
+	author	    = {Wang, H. and Goorskey, D. and Xiao, M.},
+	title	    = {Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity via atomic coherence in a
+	  threelevel atomic system},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {8707},
+	pages	    = {073601},
+	abstract    = {We measure the Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a
+	  threelevel Lambda -type atomic system inside an optical ring
+	  cavity. The Kerr nonlinearity is modified-and greatly enhanced near
+	  atomic resonant conditions for both probe and coupling beams. The
+	  Kerr nonlinear coefficient n(2) changes sign when tli coupling beam
+	  frequency detuning switches sign, which can lead to interesting
+	  applications in optical devices such as all- optical switches.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{WangLLLW01,
+	author	    = {Wang, D. Z. and Li, D. J. and Liu, X. J. and Li, S. Q.
+	  and Wang, Y. Z.},
+	title	    = {Nonlinear theory of light speed reduction in a
+	  three-level Lambda system},
+	journal     = {Chin. Phys. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {18},
+	pages	    = {1067-1068},
+	abstract    = {We present a nonlinear theory of light velocity
+	  reduction in a three-level Lambda system based on
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency. Analysis shows that the
+	  probe field propagates with a velocity that is quite strongly
+	  dependent on its intensity instead of being merely approximately
+	  dependent on the coupling intensity. Moreover, the minimum group
+	  velocity of the probe field is analytically given for a given input
+	  power.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ScullyZ01,
+	author	    = {Scully, M. O. and Zubairy, M. S.},
+	title	    = {Quantum search protocol for an atomic array},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6402},
+	pages	    = {022304},
+	abstract    = {Quantum computers can, in principle, exceed the speed
+	  of ordinary computers by taking advantage of quantum coherence and
+	  entanglement. It is possible to find a "needle in a haystack" of
+	  N-1 straws in only rootN searches by utilizing coherent
+	  superposition states. In the present paper we show how modem
+	  quantum optics may provide a simple and practicable quantum search
+	  procedure, which may also yield insights into quantum search
+	  algorithms in general.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{OpatrnyW01,
+	author	    = {Opatrny, T. and Welsch, D. G.},
+	title	    = {Coupled cavities for enhancing the
+	  cross-phase-modulation in electromagnetically induced transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6402},
+	pages	    = {023805},
+	abstract    = {We propose an optical double-cavity resonator whose
+	  response to a signal is similar to that of an electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency (EIT) medium. A combination of such a device
+	  with a four-level EIT medium can serve for achieving large cross-
+	  Kerr modulation of a probe field by a signal field. This would
+	  offer the possibility of building a quantum logic gate based on
+	  photonic qubits. We discuss the technical requirements that are
+	  necessary for realizing a probe-photon phase shift of pi caused by
+	  a single-photon signal. The main difficulty is the requirement of
+	  an ultralow reflectivity beam splitter, and we must be able to
+	  operate a sufficiently dense cool EIT medium in a cavity.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MustecapliogluY01,
+	author	    = {Mustecaplioglu, O. E. and You, L.},
+	title	    = {Slow light propagation in trapped atomic quantum
+	  gases},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6401},
+	pages	    = {013604},
+	abstract    = {We study semiclassical slow light propagation in
+	  trapped twolevel atomic quantum gases. The temperature-dependent
+	  behaviors of both group velocity and transmissions are compared for
+	  low- temperature Bose, Fermi, and Boltzman gases within the local-
+	  density approximation for their spatial density profile.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MustecapliogluY01,
+	author	    = {Mustecaplioglu, O. E. and You, L.},
+	title	    = {Propagation of Raman-matched laser pulses through a
+	  BoseEinstein condensate},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {193},
+	pages	    = {301-312},
+	abstract    = {We investigate the role of non-uniform spatial density
+	  profiles of trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in the
+	  propagation of Raman-matched laser pulses under conditions for
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (ETT). We find that the
+	  sharp edged axial density profile of an interacting condensate (due
+	  to a balance between external trap and repulsive atomic
+	  interaction) is advantageous for obtaining ultraslow averaged group
+	  velocities. Our results are in good quantitative agreement with a
+	  recent experiment report [Nature 397 (1999) 594]. (C) 2001
+	  Published by Elsevier Science B.V.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ManassahG01,
+	author	    = {Manassah, J. T. and Gladkova, I.},
+	title	    = {Density matrix computation of light slowing and light
+	  storage in a Lambda vapor system},
+	journal     = {Laser Phys.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {11},
+	pages	    = {801-806},
+	abstract    = {We compute the light slowing and light storage in a
+	  Lambda vapor system using the full Maxwell-Bloch equations with no
+	  slowly varying envelope approximation in space (SVEAS) in the
+	  expression of Maxwell wave-equation and incorporating both
+	  homogeneous and inhomogeneous dephasing terms in the atomic density
+	  matrix formulation describing the dynamics of the system.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KimKMPK01,
+	author	    = {Kim, K. and Kwon, M. and Moon, H. S. and Park, H. D.
+	  and Kim, J. B.},
+	title	    = {Measurements of normal and anomalous dispersions in
+	  coherently driven Cs vapors},
+	journal     = {J. Korean Phys. Soc.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {38},
+	pages	    = {666-669},
+	abstract    = {Negative and positive dispersions in transitions of
+	  the C-S D-2 line have been measured by setting up a homodyne
+	  Mach-Zehnder interferometer through a coherently driven atomic
+	  system. Anomalous dispersion due to the electromagnetically induced
+	  absorption (EIA) process and normal dispersion due to the
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) process were dn/d v
+	  similar or equal to -1.8 x 10-(14) Hz(-1) and 8.7 x 10- (14)
+	  Hz(-1), which corresponded to a negative group velocity v(g)
+	  similar or equal to -c/14 and a positive one v(g) similar or equal
+	  to c/31, respectively.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{DogariuKW01,
+	author	    = {Dogariu, A. and Kuzmich, A. and Wang, L. J.},
+	title	    = {Transparent anomalous dispersion and superluminal
+	  light-pulse propagation at a negative group velocity},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6305},
+	pages	    = {053806},
+	abstract    = {Anomalous dispersion cannot occur in a transparent
+	  passive medium where electromagnetic radiation is being absorbed at
+	  all frequencies, as pointed out by Landau and Lifshitz. Here we
+	  show, both theoretically and experimentally, that transparent
+	  linear anomalous dispersion can occur when a gain doublet is
+	  present. Therefore, a superluminal light-pulse propagation can be
+	  observed even at a negative group velocity through a transparent
+	  medium with almost no pulse distortion.
+	  Consequently, a negative transit time is experimentally observed
+	  resulting in the peak of the incident light pulse to exit the
+	  medium even before entering it. This counterintuitive effect is a
+	  direct result of the rephasing process owing to the wave nature of
+	  light and is not at odds with either causality or Einstein's theory
+	  of special relativity.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{YanRZ01,
+	author	    = {Yan, M. and Rickey, E. G. and Zhu, Y. F.},
+	title	    = {Nonlinear absorption by quantum interference in cold
+	  atoms},
+	journal     = {Opt. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {26},
+	pages	    = {548-550},
+	abstract    = {We report an experimental observation of third-order
+	  nonlinear absorption by quantum interference in Rb-87 atoms cooled
+	  and confined in a magneto-optic trap. A coupling laser creates
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a multilevel Rb
+	  system in which the third-order nonlinear absorption is enhanced by
+	  constructive quantum interference while the linear absorption is
+	  inhibited by destructive interference. Our experiment demonstrates
+	  the EIT system proposed by Harris and Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. Lett.
+	  81, 3611 (1998)], which absorbs two photons but not one photon in
+	  the dressed-state picture. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Nakajima01,
+	author	    = {Nakajima, T.},
+	title	    = {Linear and nonlinear optical properties of an
+	  autoionizing medium},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6304},
+	pages	    = {043804},
+	abstract    = {We study the linear and nonlinear optical properties
+	  of autoionizing systems under the action of a single-laser field.
+	  It is found that the group velocity is greatly reduced by the
+	  presence of a neighboring autoionizing state. Conditions for
+	  self-focusing or defocusing are also derived for the case of an
+	  isolated autoionizing system.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Bortman-ArbivWF01,
+	author	    = {Bortman-Arbiv, D. and Wilson-Gordon, A. D. and
+	  Friedmann, H.},
+	title	    = {Phase control of group velocity: From subluminal to
+	  superluminal light propagation},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6304},
+	pages	    = {043818},
+	abstract    = {We show that the group velocity of a weak pulse tan be
+	  manipulated by controlling the phases of two weak optical fields
+	  applied to a V-shaped three-level system. Such control can even
+	  cause the probe propagation to change from subluminal to
+	  superluminal. We consider two schemes: in the first, the excited
+	  states are coupled by decay-induced coherence, which is an inherent
+	  property of the medium, and in the second, quantum coherence is
+	  created by coupling the excited states to each other by a strong
+	  microwave field. We also discuss the group velocity reduction
+	  experienced by a single weak propagating probe due to decay-induced
+	  coherence.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ParkB01,
+	author	    = {Park, Q. H. and Boyd, R. W.},
+	title	    = {Modification of self-induced transparency by a
+	  coherent control field},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {86},
+	pages	    = {2774-2777},
+	abstract    = {We consider self-induced transparency (SIT) in a
+	  two-level atomic system in the presence of an additional control
+	  laser field. We find that the dynamics of the SIT process an
+	  profoundly modified by the control field, in a manner reminiscent
+	  of the modification of other nonlinear optical interactions through
+	  the process of electromagnetically induced transparency. The
+	  presence of the control field allows SIT to occur under a much
+	  broader range of conditions and leads to dramatically reduced
+	  values of the group velocity of the SIT soliton.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MatskoRFS01,
+	author	    = {Matsko, A. B. and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and Fleischhauer,
+	  M. and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Anomalous stimulated Brillouin scattering via
+	  ultraslow light},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {86},
+	pages	    = {2006-2009},
+	abstract    = {We study stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an
+	  ultradispersive coherent medium, and show that the properties of
+	  SBS change drastically when the group velocity of light in the
+	  material approaches or becomes less than the speed of sound. In
+	  particular, forward SBS not allowed in a dispersionless bulk medium
+	  takes place in the coherent medium.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{RenzoniZVA01,
+	author	    = {Renzoni, F. and Zimmermann, C. and Verkerk, P. and
+	  Arimondo, E.},
+	title	    = {Enhanced absorption Hanle effect on the F-g = F -> F-e
+	  = F+1 closed transitions},
+	journal     = {J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {3},
+	pages	    = {S7-S14},
+	abstract    = {We analyse the Hanle effect on a closed F-g --> F-e =
+	  F-g + 1 transition. Two configurations are examined, for linearly
+	  and circularly polarized laser radiation, with the applied magnetic
+	  field collinear to the laser light wavevector. We describe the
+	  peculiarities of the Hanle signal for linearly polarized laser
+	  excitation, characterized by narrow bright resonances at low laser
+	  intensities. The mechanism behind this effect is identified, and
+	  numerical solutions for the optical Bloch equations are presented
+	  for different transitions.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KienH01,
+	author	    = {Kien, F. L. and Hakuta, K.},
+	title	    = {Normal modes and propagation dynamics in a strongly
+	  driven Raman medium},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6302},
+	pages	    = {023807},
+	abstract    = {We study the collinear propagation of two weak
+	  sideband fields in a far-off-resonance Raman medium driven by a
+	  strong field. We show the existence of two sideband-field
+	  superpositions called normal modes that propagate independently at
+	  different group velocities, one at the vacuum speed of light and
+	  one at a reduced velocity and with an induced relative phase shift.
+	  We find that the effect of slow group velocity on nonlinear
+	  conversion occurs via the relative group delay as well as the
+	  relative phase shift.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{PhillipsFMW01,
+	author	    = {Phillips, D. F. and Fleischhauer, A. and Mair, A. and
+	  Walsworth, R. L.},
+	title	    = {Storage of light in atomic vapor},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {86},
+	pages	    = {783-786},
+	abstract    = {We report an experiment in which a light pulse is
+	  effectively decelerated and trapped in a vapor of Rb atoms, stored
+	  for a controlled period of time, and then released on demand. We
+	  accomplish this "storage of light" by dynamically reducing the
+	  group velocity of the light pulse to zero, so that the coherent
+	  excitation of the light is reversibly mapped into a Zeeman (spin)
+	  coherence of the Rb vapor.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KocharovskayaRS01,
+	author	    = {Kocharovskaya, O. and Rostovtsev, Y. and Scully, M.
+	  O.},
+	title	    = {Stopping light via hot atoms},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {86},
+	pages	    = {628-631},
+	abstract    = {We prove that it is possible to freeze a light pulse
+	  (i.e., to bring it to a full stop) or even to make its group
+	  velocity negative in a coherently driven Doppler broadened atomic
+	  medium via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This
+	  remarkable phenomenon of the ultraslow EIT polariton is based on
+	  the spatial dispersion of the refraction index n(w,k), i.e., its
+	  wave number dependence, which is due to atomic motion and provides
+	  a negative contribution to the group velocity. This is related to,
+	  but qualitatively different from, the recently observed light
+	  slowing caused by large temporal (frequency) dispersion.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{HussPLKW01,
+	author	    = {Huss, A. F. and Peer, N. and Lammegger, R. and
+	  Korsunsky, E. A. and Windholz, L.},
+	title	    = {Efficient Raman sideband generation in a coherent
+	  atomic medium},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {6301},
+	pages	    = {013802},
+	abstract    = {We demonstrate the efficient generation of Raman
+	  sidebands in a medium coherently prepared in a dark state by
+	  continuous-wave low-intensity laser radiation. Our experiment is
+	  performed in sodium vapor excited in Lambda configuration on the
+	  D-1 line by two laser fields of resonant frequencies omega (1) and
+	  omega (2), and probed by a third field omega (3). First-order
+	  sidebands for frequencies omega (1), omega (2) and up to the
+	  third-order sidebands for frequency omega (3) are observed. The
+	  generation starts at a power as low as 10 muW for each input field.
+	  Dependences of the intensities of both input and generated waves on
+	  the frequency difference (omega (1) - omega (2)), on the frequency
+	  omega (3), and on the optical density an investigated.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{LiuDBH01,
+	author	    = {Liu, C. and Dutton, Z. and Behroozi, C. H. and Hau, L.
+	  V.},
+	title	    = {Observation of coherent optical information storage in
+	  an atomic medium using halted light pulses},
+	journal     = {Nature},
+	year	    = {2001},
+	volume	    = {409},
+	pages	    = {490-493},
+	abstract    = {Electromagnetically induced transparency(1-3) is a
+	  quantum interference effect that permits the propagation of light
+	  through an otherwise opaque atomic medium; a 'coupling' laser is
+	  used to create the interference necessary to allow the transmission
+	  of resonant pulses from a 'probe' laser. This technique has been
+	  used(4-6) to slow and spatially compress light pulses by seven
+	  orders of magnitude, resulting in their complete localization and
+	  containment within an atomic cloud(4). Here we use
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency to bring laser pulses to a
+	  complete stop in a magnetically trapped, cold cloud of sodium
+	  atoms. Within the spatially localized pulse region, the atoms are
+	  in a superposition state determined by the amplitudes and phases of
+	  the coupling and probe laser fields. Upon sudden turn-off of the
+	  coupling laser, the compressed probe pulse is effectively stopped;
+	  coherent information initially contained in the laser fields is
+	  'frozen' in the atomic medium for up to 1 ms. The coupling laser is
+	  turned back on at a later time and the probe pulse is regenerated:
+	  the stored coherence is read out and transferred back into the
+	  radiation field. We present a theoretical model that reveals that
+	  the system is self-adjusting to minimize dissipative loss during
+	  the 'read' and 'write' operations. We anticipate applications of
+	  this phenomenon for quantum information processing.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MullerHRWD00,
+	author	    = {Muller, M. and Homann, F. and Rinkleff, R. H. and
+	  Wicht, A. and Danzmann, K.},
+	title	    = {Parametric dispersion in electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {6206},
+	pages	    = {060501},
+	abstract    = {We analyze both experimentally and theoretically the
+	  phase shift of a fixed coupling laser field in a Lambda -type
+	  system induced by a tunable probe laser field. The measurements are
+	  performed with a heterodyne interferometer on a beam of cesium
+	  atoms in the D-2 line. This system exhibits electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency with a rapidly varying refractive index. The
+	  parametric dispersion of the coupling field over a range of six
+	  decades of coupling laser intensities is investigated and found to
+	  be in accord with the predictions from the semiclassical model.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{WangGBX00,
+	author	    = {Wang, H. and Goorskey, D. J. and Burkett, W. H. and
+	  Xiao, M.},
+	title	    = {Cavity-linewidth narrowing by means of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency},
+	journal     = {Opt. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {25},
+	pages	    = {1732-1734},
+	abstract    = {Cavity-linewidth narrowing in a ring cavity that is
+	  due to the high dispersion and reduced absorption produced by
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium-atom
+	  vapor has been experimentally observed. The cavity linewidth with
+	  rubidium atoms under EIT conditions can be significantly narrowed.
+	  Cavity-linewidth narrowing was measured as a function of coupling
+	  beam power. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Harris00,
+	author	    = {Harris, S. E.},
+	title	    = {Pondermotive forces with slow light},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {85},
+	pages	    = {4032-4035},
+	abstract    = {This work describes atomic processes which result from
+	  the greatly enhanced longitudinal gradient force which is inherent
+	  to the propagation of slow light. These processes are (1) ballistic
+	  atom motion and atom surfing, and (2) a type of local pondermotive
+	  nonlinearity or scattering which results from free-particle
+	  sinusoidal motion and the density variation caused by this motion.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{McGloinDF00,
+	author	    = {McGloin, D. and Dunn, M. H. and Fulton, D. J.},
+	title	    = {Polarization effects in electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {6205},
+	pages	    = {053802},
+	abstract    = {We demonstrate the magnitude dependence of
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency, in a three-level cascade
+	  scheme in rubidium, on the probe and coupling field polarizations.
+	  We show that this dependence is due to the presence of the
+	  degenerate magnetic sublevels and the strengths of their relative
+	  dipole matrix elements. It is shown that this can lead to modified
+	  absorption profiles when electromagnetically induced transparency
+	  is used for spectroscopic purposes. We present theory that is in
+	  good agreement with our experiments.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{ManassahG00,
+	author	    = {Manassah, J. T. and Gladkova, I.},
+	title	    = {Modifications due to local field corrections of the
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency propagation parameters in
+	  a driven optically dense three-level cascade system},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {185},
+	pages	    = {125-132},
+	abstract    = {We compute, under conditions of electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency, the frequency dependence of the transmission
+	  coefficient and the group velocity of a probe pulse resonant with
+	  the lower transition of a three-level cascade system in the
+	  presence of a cw pump field resonant with the system's upper
+	  transition. We show that the presence of local field corrections
+	  can substantially modify the profile of both these
+	  transmission-related quantities. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier
+	  Science B.V.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{CarusottoAL00,
+	author	    = {Carusotto, I. and Artoni, M. and La Rocca, G. C.},
+	title	    = {Atomic recoil effects in slow light propagation},
+	journal     = {Jetp Lett.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {72},
+	pages	    = {289-293},
+	abstract    = {We theoretically investigate the effect of atomic
+	  recoil on the propagation of ultraslow light pulses through a
+	  coherently driven Bose-Einstein condensed gas. For a sample at
+	  rest, the group velocity of the light pulse is the sum of the group
+	  velocity that one would observe in the absence of mechanical
+	  effects (infinite mass limit) and the velocity of the recoiling
+	  atoms (light-dragging effect). We predict that atomic recoil may
+	  give rise to a lower bound for the observable group velocities, as
+	  well as to pulse propagation at negative group velocities without
+	  appreciable absorption. (C) 2000 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica".
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KienH00,
+	author	    = {Kien, F. L. and Hakuta, K.},
+	title	    = {Stimulated Raman scattering with slow light},
+	journal     = {Can. J. Phys.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {78},
+	pages	    = {543-559},
+	abstract    = {We study the propagation dynamics of weak Raman
+	  sideband fields in a far-off-resonance Raman medium driven by a
+	  strong coupling field. We show that the interaction of the system
+	  with the strong field, under the conditions of high density, narrow
+	  Raman-transition width, and small two-photon detuning, results in a
+	  slow group velocity and a substantial enhancement of the injected
+	  anti-Stokes sideband field as well as an efficient generation of a
+	  Stokes sideband field. We find that the effective group velocity is
+	  the same for the two weak fields and is proportional to the field
+	  frequency difference instead of the frequency of the corresponding
+	  field. We also discuss the condition for exponential growth of the
+	  two sideband fields in the medium. We perform numerical
+	  calculations for solid hydrogen, a realistic system where the
+	  requirements for high density and small Raman width can be met. We
+	  demonstrate that the group velocity can be slowed down by several
+	  orders, and that the slow light plays a key role for the stimulated
+	  Raman scattering process in solid hydrogen.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{SautenkovLBNMFVWS00,
+	author	    = {Sautenkov, V. A. and Lukin, M. D. and Bednar, C. J.
+	  and Novikova, I. and Mikhailov, E. and Fleischhauer, M. and
+	  Velichansky, V. L. and Welch, G. R. and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Enhancement of magneto-optic effects via large atomic
+	  coherence in optically dense media},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {6202},
+	pages	    = {023810},
+	abstract    = {We utilize the generation of large atomic coherence in
+	  optically dense media to enhance the resonant nonlinear
+	  magneto-optic effect by several orders of magnitude, thereby
+	  eliminating power broadening and improving the fundamental
+	  signal-to-noise ratio. A proof-of-principle experiment is carried
+	  out in a dense vapor of Rb atoms. Applications such as optical
+	  magnetometry, the search for Violations of parity and time-reversal
+	  symmetry, and nonlinear optics at low light levels are feasible.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MorigiA00,
+	author	    = {Morigi, G. and Agarwal, G. S.},
+	title	    = {Temperature variation of ultraslow light in a cold
+	  gas},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {6201},
+	pages	    = {013801},
+	abstract    = {A model is developed to explain the temperature
+	  dependence of the group velocity as observed in the experiments of
+	  Hau et al. [Nature (London) 397, 594 (1999)]. The group velocity is
+	  quite sensitive to the change in the spatial density. The
+	  inhomogeneity in the density and its temperature dependence are
+	  primarily responsible for the observed behavior.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Khurgin00,
+	author	    = {Khurgin, J. B.},
+	title	    = {Light slowing down in Moire fiber gratings and its
+	  implications for nonlinear optics},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {6201},
+	pages	    = {013821},
+	abstract    = {A theory of the dispersion in the Moire gratings is
+	  developed and it is shown that the group velocity of light in them
+	  can be reduced by up to three orders of magnitude. A conceptual
+	  similarity between Moire grating and the electro-magneticinduced
+	  transparency medium is demonstrated, and it is argued that for some
+	  applications the Moire gratings present a simple viable alternative
+	  to electromagnetically induced transparency.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{WangKD00,
+	author	    = {Wang, L. J. and Kuzmich, A. and Dogariu, A.},
+	title	    = {Gain-assisted superluminal light propagation},
+	journal     = {Nature},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {406},
+	pages	    = {277-279},
+	abstract    = {Einstein's theory of special relativity and the
+	  principle of causality(1-4) imply that the speed of any moving
+	  object cannot exceed that of light in a vacuum (c). Nevertheless,
+	  there exist various proposals(5-18) for observing faster-than-c
+	  propagation of light pulses, using anomalous dispersion near an
+	  absorption line(4,6-8), nonlinear(9) and linear gain lines(10-18),
+	  or tunnelling barriers(19). However, in all previous experimental
+	  demonstrations, the light pulses experienced either very large
+	  absorption(7) or severe reshaping(9,19), resulting in controversies
+	  over the interpretation. Here we use gainassisted linear
+	  anomalous dispersion to demonstrate superluminal light propagation
+	  in atomic caesium gas. The group velocity of a laser pulse in this
+	  region exceeds c and can even become negative(16,17), while the
+	  shape of the pulse is preserved. We measure a group-velocity index
+	  of n(g) = -310(+/- 5); in practice, this means that a light pulse
+	  propagating through the atomic vapour cell appears at the exit side
+	  so much earlier than if it had propagated the same distance in a
+	  vacuum that the peak of the pulse appears to leave the cell before
+	  entering it. The observed superluminal light pulse propagation is
+	  not at odds with causality, being a direct consequence of classical
+	  interference between its different frequency components in an
+	  anomalous dispersion region.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{MatskoRCS00,
+	author	    = {Matsko, A. B. and Rostovtsev, Y. V. and Cummins, H. Z.
+	  and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Using slow light to enhance acousto-optical effects:
+	  Application to squeezed light},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {84},
+	pages	    = {5752-5755},
+	abstract    = {We propose a technique for achieving phase matching in
+	  Brillouin scattering in a dielectric fiber doped by three-level
+	  Lambda-type ions. This can lead to a dramatic increase of
+	  efficiency of ponderomotive nonlinear interaction between the
+	  electromagnetic waves and holds promise for applications in quantum
+	  optics such as squeezing and quantum nondemolition measurements.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Imamoglu00,
+	author	    = {Imamoglu, A.},
+	title	    = {Electromagnetically induced transparency with two
+	  dimensional electron spins},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {179},
+	pages	    = {179-182},
+	abstract    = {The electronic spin degrees of freedom in
+	  semiconductors have coherence times that are several orders of
+	  magnitude longer than other relevant timescales. We show that
+	  application of a pair of laser fields, whose frequencies differ by
+	  the Zeeman splitting, gives rise to electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency in an optically dense two-dimensional electron gas
+	  under high magnetic fields. Even though reduction in group velocity
+	  and enhancement of photon-photon interaction is largest for filling
+	  factor nu = 1, the effect should be observable for any 1 less than
+	  or equal to nu < 2. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
+	  reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{FleischhauerYL00,
+	author	    = {Fleischhauer, M. and Yelin, S. F. and Lukin, M. D.},
+	title	    = {How to trap photons? Storing single-photon quantum
+	  states in collective atomic excitations},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {179},
+	pages	    = {395-410},
+	abstract    = {We show that it is possible to 'store' quantum states
+	  of single-photon fields by mapping them onto collective meta-
+	  stable states of an optically dense, coherently driven medium
+	  inside an optical resonator. An adiabatic technique is suggested
+	  which allows to transfer non-classical. correlations from
+	  traveling-wave single-photon wave-packets into atomic states and
+	  vise versa with nearly 100\% efficiency. In contrast to previous
+	  approaches involving single atoms, the present technique does not
+	  require the strong coupling regime corresponding to high-Q
+	  micro-cavities. Instead, intracavity electromagnetically Induced
+	  Transparency is used to achieve a strong coupling between the
+	  cavity mode and the atoms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All
+	  rights reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{FleischhauerL00,
+	author	    = {Fleischhauer, M. and Lukin, M. D.},
+	title	    = {Dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {84},
+	pages	    = {5094-5097},
+	abstract    = {We identify form-stable coupled excitations of light
+	  and matter ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the
+	  propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency. The properties of dark-state polaritons such as the
+	  group velocity are determined by the mixing angle between light and
+	  matter components and can be controlled by an external coherent
+	  field as the pulse propagates. In particular, light pulses can be
+	  decelerated and "trapped" in which case their shape and quantum
+	  state are mapped onto metastable collective states of matter.
+	  Possible applications of this reversible coherent-control technique
+	  are discussed.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{RenzoniA00,
+	author	    = {Renzoni, F. and Arimondo, E.},
+	title	    = {Steep dispersion in coherent population trapping with
+	  losses},
+	journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {178},
+	pages	    = {345-353},
+	abstract    = {The dispersive properties of coherent population
+	  trapping with losses are investigated. We consider a cold sample of
+	  open three-level atoms interacting with two laser fields in the
+	  Lambda configuration. We show that despite the population losses
+	  the slope of the dispersion at Raman resonance reaches at large
+	  interaction time a constant nonzero value. A numerical study of the
+	  propagation of a pulse in the medium in the presence of a strong
+	  coupling field shows that very small group velocities for the pulse
+	  are obtained also in the presence of population losses. (C) 2000
+	  Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{FleischhauerLMS00,
+	author	    = {Fleischhauer, M. and Lukin, M. D. and Matsko, A. B.
+	  and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Threshold and linewidth of a mirrorless parametric
+	  oscillator},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {84},
+	pages	    = {3558-3561},
+	abstract    = {We analyze the above-threshold behavior of a
+	  mirrorless parametric oscillator based on resonantly enhanced
+	  four-wave mixing in a dense atomic vapor. It is shown that, in the
+	  ideal limit, an arbitrary small flux of pump photons is sufficient
+	  to reach the oscillator threshold. We demonstrate that, due to the
+	  large group velocity delays associated with electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency, an extremely narrow oscillator linewidth is
+	  possible, making a narrow-band source of nonclassical radiation
+	  feasible.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{LeonhardtP00,
+	author	    = {Leonhardt, U. and Piwnicki, P.},
+	title	    = {Relativistic effects of light in moving media with
+	  extremely low group velocity},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {2000},
+	volume	    = {84},
+	pages	    = {822-825},
+	abstract    = {A moving dielectric medium acts as an effective
+	  gravitational field on light. One can use media with extremely low
+	  group velocities [Lene Vestergaard Hau ct al., Nature (London) 397,
+	  593(1999)] to create dielectric analogs of astronomical effects on
+	  Earth. In particular, a vortex flow imprints a long-ranging
+	  topological effect on incident light and can behave like an optical
+	  black hole.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{AkulshinBL99,
+	author	    = {Akulshin, A. M. and Barreiro, S. and Lezama, A.},
+	title	    = {Steep anomalous dispersion in coherently prepared Rb
+	  vapor},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {1999},
+	volume	    = {83},
+	pages	    = {4277-4280},
+	abstract    = {Steep dispersion of opposite signs in driven
+	  degenerate twolevel atomic transitions have been predicted and
+	  observed on the D-2 line of Rb-87 in an optically thin vapor cell.
+	  The intensity dependence of the anomalous dispersion has been
+	  studied. The maximum observed value of anomalous dispersion (dn/d
+	  nu similar or equal to -6 x 10(-11) Hz(-1)) corresponds to a
+	  negative group velocity V-g similar or equal to -c/23 000.}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{BudkerKRY99,
+	author	    = {Budker, D. and Kimball, D. F. and Rochester, S. M. and
+	  Yashchuk, V. V.},
+	title	    = {Nonlinear magneto-optics and reduced group velocity of
+	  light in atomic vapor with slow ground state relaxation},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {1999},
+	volume	    = {83},
+	pages	    = {1767-1770},
+	abstract    = {The dynamics of resonant light propagation in rubidium
+	  vapor in a cell with antirelaxation wall coating are investigated.
+	  We change the polarization of the input light and measure the time
+	  dependence of the polarization after the cell. The observed
+	  dynamics are shown to be analogous to those in electromagnetically
+	  induced transparency. Spectral dependence of light pulse delays is
+	  found to be similar to that of nonlinear magneto-optic rotation.
+	  Delays up to approximate to 13 ms are observed, corresponding to a
+	  8 m/s group velocity. Fields of a few microgauss are used to
+	  control the group velocity.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{KashSZHWLRFS99,
+	author	    = {Kash, M. M. and Sautenkov, V. A. and Zibrov, A. S. and
+	  Hollberg, L. and Welch, G. R. and Lukin, M. D. and Rostovtsev, Y.
+	  and Fry, E. S. and Scully, M. O.},
+	title	    = {Ultraslow group velocity and enhanced nonlinear
+	  optical effects in a coherently driven hot atomic gas},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {1999},
+	volume	    = {82},
+	pages	    = {5229-5232},
+	abstract    = {We report the observation of small group velocities of
+	  order 90 m/s and large group delays of greater than 0.26 ms, in an
+	  optically dense hot rubidium gas (approximate to 360 K). Media of
+	  this kind yield strong nonlinear interactions between very weak
+	  optical fields and very sharp spectral features. The result is in
+	  agreement with previous studies on nonlinear spectroscopy of dense
+	  coherent media.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{HarrisS98,
+	author	    = {Harris, S. E. and Sokolov, A. V.},
+	title	    = {Subfemtosecond pulse generation by molecular
+	  modulation},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
+	year	    = {1998},
+	volume	    = {81},
+	pages	    = {2894-2897},
+	abstract    = {We suggest a technique for producing subfemtosecond
+	  pulses of radiation. The technique is based on using
+	  electromagnetically induced transparency to produce a strongly
+	  driven molecular coherence. This coherence results in a Raman
+	  spectrum with Bessel function amplitudes and phases corresponding
+	  to a frequency modulated signal, thereby allowing compression by
+	  the group velocity dispersion of the same medium.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{SchmidtWHM96,
+	author	    = {Schmidt, O. and Wynands, R. and Hussein, Z. and
+	  Meschede, D.},
+	title	    = {Steep dispersion and group velocity below c/3000 in
+	  coherent population trapping},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {1996},
+	volume	    = {53},
+	pages	    = {R27-R30},
+	abstract    = {We have measured the index of refraction in the region
+	  of a coherent population trapping resonance in a cesium vapor cell
+	  with an interferometric technique. We find very high normal
+	  dispersion (up to dn/df=9.7x10(-12) Hz(-1)) at low absorption. From
+	  our spectra we obtain very small group velocities below c/3000.
+	  This corresponds to a delay time of more than 200 ns for a cesium
+	  cell 20 mm in length, equivalent to more than 60 m of propagation
+	  in vacuum.
+	  }
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{HarrisFK92,
+	author	    = {Harris, S. E. and Field, J. E. and Kasapi, A.},
+	title	    = {Dispersive properties of electromagnetically induced
+	  transparency},
+	journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
+	year	    = {1992},
+	volume	    = {46},
+	pages	    = {R29-R32},
+	abstract    = {An atomic transition that has been made transparent by
+	  applying an additional electromagnetic field exhibits a rapidly
+	  varying refractive index with zero group velocity dispersion at
+	  line center.	A 10-cm-long Pb vapor cell at an atom density of 7 x
+	  10(15) atoms/cm3 and probed on its 283-nm resonance transition has
+	  a calculated optical delay of 83 ns [(c/V(G)) = 250].}
+}
+