path: root/bibliography.bib

@Article{arimondo'76,
    author = "E.\ Arimondo and G.\ Orriols",
    journal = "Nuovo Cimento Lett.",
    volume = "17",
    pages = "333 --+",
    year = "1976",
}

@Article{agapyev'93,
    author = "B.\ D.\ Agapyev and M.\ B.\ Gornyi and B.\ G.\ Matisov and Y. V.Rozhdestvenskii",
    journal = " Usp.\ Fiz.\ Nauk ",
    volume = "163",
    pages = "1--+",
    year = "1993",
}

@Article{harris'97pt,
    title = "Electromagnetically Induced Transparency",
    author = "S. E. Harris",
    journal = " Physics Today",
    volume = "50",
    number = "7",
    month = "July",
    pages = "36",
    year = "1997",
}

@Article{marangos'98,
    author = "J.\ P.\ Marangos",
    title = "Topical review electromagnetically induced transparency",
    journal = " J.\ Mod.\ Opt. ",
    volume = "45",
    pages = " 471 --+",
    year = "1998",
    abstract = {
        The subject of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the experimental work reported in this field since 1990. Theoretical work is also covered, although it is not intended to review all the very numerous recent theoretical treatments on this topic. The basic physical ideas behind EIT are elucidated. The relation of EIT to other processes involving laser-induced atomic coherence, such as coherent population trapping, coherent adiabatic population transfer and lasing without inversion, is discussed. Experimental work is described covering the following topics: EIT with pulsed and continuous-wave sources, lasing without inversion, pulse propagation in a laser dressed medium and EIT in nonlinear optical processes. A full set of references and a bibliography are included.
    }
}

@Article{arimondo'96pra,
    author = "E.\ Arimondo",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ A ",
    volume = "54",
    pages = " 2216 --+",
    year = "1996",
}

@Article{happer'72,
    author = "W.\ Happer",
    journal = " Rev.\ Mod.\ Phys. ",
    volume = "44",
    pages = "169--249",
    year = "1972",
}

@Article{wynands'99,
    author = "R.\ Wynands and A.\ Nagel",
    title = "Precision spectroscopy with coherent dark states",
    journal = " Appl.\ Phys.\ B ",
    volume = "68",
    pages = " 1 -- 25",
    year = "1999",
    abstract = {
Using optical phase-locking and a buffer gas, coherent population trapping resonances with linewidths below 50 Hz can be observed in a thermal cesium vapor. External influences on the cesium multilevel system, such as magnetic fields, laser polarizations and intensities, have been studied and can quantitatively be described by intuitive theoretical models. Based on these investigations we have performed precision measurements, for instance the sensitive detection of magnetic fields in the pT (ac) and nT (dc) range and the determination of g-factor ratios.
    },
}

@Article{dancheva'00,
    author = "Y.\ Dancheva and  G.\ Alzetta and  S.\ Cartaleva and  M.\ Taslakov and C.\ Andreeva",
    journal = " Opt.\ Comm. ",
    volume = "178",
    pages = " 103 --+",
    year = "2000",
}

@Article{graf'95,
    author = "M.\ Graf and  E.\ Arimondo and  E.\ S.\ Fry and  D.\ E.\ Nikonov and  G.\ G.\ Padmabandu and  M.\ O.\ Scully and S.\ Y.\ Zhu",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ A",
    volume = "51",
    pages = " 4030--+",
    year = "1995",
}

@Article{ottinger'75,
    author = "Ch.\ Ottinger and  R.\ Scheps and  G.\ W.\ York and A.\ Gallagher",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ A ",
    volume = "11",
    pages = " 1815 --+",
    year = "1975",
}

@Article{xu'98,
    author = "J.\ H.\ Xu and G.\ Alzetta",
    journal = " Phys.\ Lett.\ A ",
    volume = "248",
    pages = " 80--+",
    year = "1998",
}

@Article{gozzini'99,
    author = "S.\ Gozzini and  P.\ Sartini and  C.\ Gabbanini and  A.\ Lucchesini and  C.\ Marinelli and  L.\ Moi and  J.\ H.\ Xu and G.\ Alzetta",
    journal = " Eur.\ Phys.\ J.\ D ",
    volume = "6",
    pages = " 127 --+",
    year = "1999",
}

@Article{novikova'02apl,
    author = "I.\ Novikova and  A.\ B.\ Matsko and G.\ R.\ Welch",
    journal = " Appl.\ Phys.\ Lett. ",
    volume = "81",
    pages = " 193 --+",
    year = "2002",
}

@Article{theobald'89,
    author = "G.\ Th\'{e}obald and N.\ Dimarcq and V.\ Giordano and P.\ C\'{e}rez",
    journal = "Opt.\ Comm. ",
    volume = "71",
    pages = " 256 --+",
    year = "1989",
}

@Article{schuh'93,
    author = "B.\ Schuh and  S.\ I.\ Kanorsky and  A.\ Weis and T.\ W.\ Hansch",
    journal = " Opt.\ Comm. ",
    volume = "100",
    pages = " 451 --+",
    year = "1993",
}

@Article{kanorsky'95,
    author = "S.\ I.\ Kanorsky and  A.\ Weis and J.\ Skalla",
    journal = " Appl.\ Phys.\ B",
    volume = "60",
    pages = " S165 --+",
    year = "1995",
}

@Article{budker'98,
    author = "D.\ Budker and  V.\ Yashchuk and M.\ Zolotorev",
    title  = "Nonlinear Magneto-optic Effects with Ultranarrow Widths",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.",
    volume = "81",
    pages = "5788",
    year = "1998",
    abstract = {
Several dispersionlike features in the magnetic field dependence of the nonlinear magneto-optic effect were observed in an experiment performed on rubidium atoms contained in a vapor cell with antirelaxation coating. The narrowest feature has effective resonance width gamma = g? Delta Bz ~ 2 pi x 1.3 Hz, where Delta Bz ~ 2.8 ?G is the peak-to-peak separation. The observed nontrivial dependence of the magneto-optic effect on transverse magnetic fields is discussed. The results of this work may be applied to low-field magnetometry, to parity and time reversal invariance violation experiments, etc.
}
}

@Article{budker'99ajp,
    author = "D.\ Budker and  D.\ J.\ Orlando and V.\ Yashchuk",
    journal = " Am.\ J.\ Phys.",
    volume = "67",
    pages = " 584 --+",
    year = "1999",
}

@Article{robinson'58,
    author = "H. G. Robinson and E. S. Ensberg and H. G. Dehmelt",
    journal = "Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.",
    volume = "3",
    pages = " 9 --+",
    year = "1958",
}

@Article{alexandrov'02prl,
    author = "E. B. Alexandrov and M. V. Balabas and D.\ Budker and D. S. English and D. F. Kimball and C. H. Li  and V.\ Yashchuk",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett",
    volume = "66",
    pages = "042903 --+",
    year = "2002",
}

@Article{bouichiat'66,
    author = "M. A. Bouchiat and J. Brossel",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.",
    volume = "147",
    pages = " 41 --+",
    year = "1966",
}


@Article{zibrov'01ol,
    author = "A.\ S.\ Zibrov and  I.\ Novikova and A.\ B.\ Matsko",
    journal = " Opt.\ Lett.",
    volume = "26",
    pages = " 1311 --+",
    year = "2001",
}


@Article{zibrovJETPLett05,
   author = {Zibrov, S. and Velichansky, V. and Zibrov, A. and Taichenachev, A. and Yudin, V.},
   affiliation = {Russian Academy of Sciences Lebedev Physical Institute Leninskii pr. 53 Moscow 117924 Russia Leninskii pr. 53 Moscow 117924 Russia},
   title = {Experimental investigation of the dark pseudoresonance on the <i>D</i>1 line of the <sup>87</sup>Rb atom excited by a linearly polarized field},
   journal = {JETP Letters},
   publisher = {MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.},
   issn = {0021-3640},
   keyword = {Physics and Astronomy},
   pages = {477-481},
   volume = {82},
   issue = {8},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.2150865},
   note = {10.1134/1.2150865},
   year = {2005}
}

@Article{drake'88,
    author = "K.\ H.\ Drake and  W.\ Lange and J.\ Mlynek",
    journal = " Opt.\ Comm.",
    volume = "66",
    pages = " 315 --+",
    year = "1988",
}

@Article{barkov'89,
    author = "L.\ M.\ Barkov and  D.\ A.\ Melik-Pashaev and M.\ S.\ Zolotorev",
    journal = "Opt.\ Comm. ",
    volume = "70",
    pages = " 467 --+",
    year = "1989",
}

@Article{baird'89,
    author = "P.\ E.\ G.\ Baird and  M.\ Irie and T.\ D.\ Wolfenden",
    journal = " J.\ Phys.\ B",
    volume = "22",
    pages = "1733 --+",
    year = "1989",
}

@Article{chen'90a,
    author = "X.\ Chen and  V.\ L.\ Telegdi and A.\ Weis",
    journal = " Opt.\ Comm. ",
    volume = "78",
    pages = "337 --+",
    year = "1990",
}

@Article{sautenkov'00,
    author = "V.\ A.\ Sautenkov and  M.\ D.\ Lukin and  C.\ J.\ Bednar and  I.\ Novikova and E.\ Mikhailov and  M.\ Fleischhauer and  V.\ L.\ Velichansky and  G.\ R.\ Welch and M.\ O.\ Scully",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ A ",
    volume = "62",
    pages = " 023810--+",
    year = "2000",
    abstract = {
        We utilize the generation of large atomic coherence in optically dense media to enhance the resonant nonlinear magneto-optic effect by several orders of magnitude, thereby eliminating power broadening and improving the fundamental signal-to-noise ratio. A proof-of-principle experiment is carried out in a dense vapor of Rb atoms. Applications such as optical magnetometry, the search for Violations of parity and time-reversal symmetry, and nonlinear optics at low light levels are feasible.
    }
}

@Article{novikova'01ol,
    author = "I.\ Novikova and A.\ B.\ Matsko and G.\ R.\ Welch",
    title  ="Large polarization rotation via atomic coherence",
    journal = " Opt. Lett. ",
    volume = "26",
    pages = " 1016-1018",
    month = "JUL",
    year = "2001",
    abstract = {
        We report significant enhancement of the nonlinear Faraday rotation in optically thick Rb vapor. Polarization rotation angles as large as 10 rad were observed for what is believed to be the first time for sub-Gauss magnetic fields. The use of this effect for high-precision magnetometry is also discussed. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America.
    }
}

@Article{affolderbach'99,
  author =       "C.\ Affolderbach and A. Nagel and S.\ Knappe and S. Jung and D. Wiedenmann and R.\ Wynands",
  title =        "Nonlinear spectroscopy with a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laseri (VCSEL)",
  journal =      "Applied Physics B",
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "407 -- 413",
  month =        "",
  abstract = {
      We have evaluated the suitability of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diode (VCSEL) for spectroscopic applications. Despite its low output power it is possible to observe narrow resonances in a saturated absorption spectroscopy experiment on the cesium D2 transition at 852 nm, limited in width by the laser linewidth of several tens of MHz. High modulation efficiency of the VCSEL allows us to create modulation sidebands at 9.2 GHz frequency via direct modulation of the laser injection current. Using the carrier and either one of the sidebands coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances in a buffered cesium vapor can be prepared with linewidths below 130 Hz. With this very compact setup we have studied the dependence of CPT resonance position and linewidth as a function of optical detuning and find evidence of the influence of the excited state hyperfine structure.
  },
}

@Article{affolderbach'02,
  author =       "C.\ Affolderbach and S.\ Knappe and R.\ Wynands and A.\ V.\ Taichenachev and V.\ I.\ Yudin",
  title =        "Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in a standing wave",
  journal =      "Phys.\ Rev.\ A",
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "043810 -- +",
  month =        "APR"
}

@Book{vanier_book,
  author =       "J.\ Vanier and C.\ Audoin",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "The Quantum Phisics of Atomic Frequency Standards",
  PUBLISHER =    "Adam Hilger; Philadelphia",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "1"
}

@Book{landau_book_v2,
  author =       "L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "The Classical Theory of Fields",
  PUBLISHER =    "Pergamon Press, Oxford",
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "2"
}

@Book{landau_book_v6,
  author =       "L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "Electrodynamics of Continuous Media",
  PUBLISHER =    "Pergamon Press, Oxford",
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "6"
}

@Book{jackson_book,
  author =       "J. D. Jackson",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "Classical Electrodynamics",
  PUBLISHER =    "Wiley, New York",
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       ""
}

@Book{bernheim_book,
  author =       "R.\ Bernheim",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "Optical Pumping",
  PUBLISHER =    "W.\ A.\ Benjamin, Inc., New York",
  year =         "1965"
}

@Book{scullybook,
  author =       "M. O. Scully and M. S. Zubairy",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "Quantum Optics",
  PUBLISHER =    "Cambridge University Press",
  ADDRESS =      "Cambridge, UK",
  year =         "1997"
}

@Book{pomerantsev_book,
  author =       "N. M. Pomerantsev and V.M. Rizhkov  and G. V. Skrotskiy",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "Fizicheskie Osnovi Kvantovoy Optiki",
  PUBLISHER =    "Nauka, Moscow",
  year =         "1972",
  volume =       ""
}

@book{Mukamel95_book,
    title = {Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy},
    year = {1995},
    author = {Shaul Mukamel},
    publisher = {Oxford University Press}
}

@book{Ahmanov_book,
    title = {Vvedenie v Statisticheskuyu Radiofiziku i Optiku},
    year = {1981},
    author = {S.A.Ahmanov and Y.E.Dyakov and A.S.Chirkin},
    publisher = {Nauka, Moscow}
}

@Book{Moruzzi_book,
  author =       "Giovanni Moruzzi and Franco Strumia",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy",
  PUBLISHER =    "Plenum Press; New York and London",
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       ""
}

@Book{Alexandrov_book,
  author =       "E.B. Alexandrov and M.P. Chaika and G.I. Khvostenko",
  editor =       "",
  title =        "Interference of Atomic States",
  PUBLISHER =    "Springer-Verlag; Berlin",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       ""
}

@Article{schmidt'96,
  author =       "O.\ Schmidt and R.\ Wynands and Z.\ Hussein and D.\ Meschede",
  title =        "Steep dispersion and group velocity below c/3000 in coherent population trapping",
  journal =      "Phys.\ Rev.\ A",
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "R27 -- R30",
  month =        "JAN"
}

@Article{renzoni'00,
  author =       "F.\ Renzoni and E.\ Arimondo",
  title =        "Steep dispersion in coherent population trapping with losses",
  journal =      "Opt.\ Commun.",
  year =         "2000",
  volume =       "178",
  number =       "4-6",
  pages =        "345 -- 353",
  month =        "MAY"
}

@Article{lazema'01optcom,
  author =       "A. Lipsich and  S. Barreiru and  P. Valente and A. Lezama",
  title =        "Inspection of a magneto-optical trap via electromagnetically induced absorption",
  journal =      "Opt.\ Commun.",
  year =         "2001",
  volume =       "190",
  number =       "1-6",
  pages =        "185 -- 191",
  month =        "APR",
  abstract = {
      Electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) was observed for the first time on a sample of 85Rb in a magneto-optical trap using low intensity cw copropagating pump and probe optical fields. Narrow resonances revealing the dependence of the ground-state Zeeman sublevels energy structure on the quadrupolar magnetic field and the trapping optical field intensity at different trap positions, were observed. Coherence resonances as narrow as 30 kHz were obtained under low trapping field intensities. The use of EIA spectroscopy for the magnetic field mapping of cold atomic samples is illustrated.
  }
}

@Article{marangos'98pra,
  author =       "H. X. Chen and A. V. Durrant and J. P. Marangos and J. A. Vaccaro",
  title =        "Observation of transient electromagnetically induced transparency in a rubidium Lambda system",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "1545 -- 1548",
  month =        "AUG",
  abstract = {
    Observation of transient effects in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reported in Rb85 cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The transmission of a weak probe beam in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=3) to 5P3/2(F=3) hyperfine transition increased transiently when a relatively strong coupling field in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=2) to 5P3/2(F=3) hyperfine transition was switched on rapidly using a Pockels cell. The probe transient showed an initial Rabi half-cycle overshoot before settling down to steady-state EIT. The results agreed well with computations using a three-state model of the Lambda system. The computations also suggest that transient gain should be observed with coupling field power only four times larger than that presently available to us.
  }
}

@Article{harris90prl,
  author =       "S. E. Harris and J. E. Field and A. Imamoglu ",
  title =        "Nonlinear optical processes using electromagnetically induced transparency",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1107--1110",
  month =        "Mar",
  abstract = {
      We show that by applying a strong-coupling field between a metastable state and the upper state of an allowed transition to ground one may obtain a resonantly enhanced third-order susceptibility while at the same time inducing transparency of the media. An improvement in conversion efficiency and parametric gain, as compared to weak-coupling field behavior, of many orders of magnitude is predicted.
}
}

@Article{harris'92,
  author =       "S.\ E.\ Harris and J.\ E.\ Field and A.\ Kasapi",
  title =        "DISPERSIVE PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY",
  journal =      "Phys.\ Rev.\ A",
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "R29 -- R32",
  month =        "JUL",
  abstract = {
An atomic transition that has been made transparent by applying an additional electromagnetic
field exhibits a rapidly varying refractive index with zero group velocity dispersion at line center.
A 10-cm-long Pb vapor cell at an atom density of 7 x 1015 atoms/cm3 and probed on its 283-nm
resonance transition has a calculated optical delay of 83 ns [(c/VG)=250].


}
}

@Article{akulshin'98,
    author = "A.\ M.\ Akulshin and  S.\ Barreiro and A.\ Lezama",
    title = "Electromagnetically induced absorption and transparency due to
     resonant two-field excitation of quasidegenerate levels in Rb vapor",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ A",
    volume = "57",
    pages = " 2996 --3002",
    year = "1998",
    month = "APR",
    number = "4"
}

@Article{akulshin'99prl,
    author = "A.\ M.\ Akulshin and  S.\ Barreiro and A.\ Lezama",
    title = "Steep anomalous dispersion in coherently prepared Rb vapor",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
    volume = "83",
    pages = "4277-4280",
    year = "1999",
    month = "NOV",
    number = "21"
}

@Article{lazema'99,
    author = " A.\ Lezama and  S.\ Barreiro and  A.\ M.\ Akulshin",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ A ",
    volume = "59",
    pages = " 4732 --+",
    year = "1999",
}

@Article{lipsich'00,
    author = "A.\ Lipsich and  S.\ Barreiro and  A.\ M.\ Akulshin and A.\ Lezama",
    journal = "Phys.\ Rev.\ A ",
    volume = "61",
    pages = " 053803 --+",
    year = "2000",
}

@Article{kwon'01,
    author = "M.\ Kwon and  K.\ Kim and  H.\ S.\ Moon and  H.\ D.\ Park and J.\ B.\ Kim",
    journal = "J.\ Phys.\ B ",
    volume = "34",
    pages = " 2951 --+",
    year = "2001",
}

@Article{scully'92physrep,
    author = "M. O. Scully",
    title  = "From lasers and masers to phaseonium and phasers",
    journal = "Physics Reports",
    volume = "219",
    number = "3-6",
    pages = " 191 -- 201",
    year = "1992",
    abstract = {
An ensemble of three-level atoms having a ground state doublet and a far removed excited state displays unusual behavior when the doublet is coherently prepared, e.g., cancellation of absorption and an enhanced index of refraction. Similar effects can be observed using a coherently prepared excited state doublet and a far removed ground state. Such a phase coherent atomic ensemble ("phaseonium" for short) is, in a real sense, a new state of matter and lasers and masers based on such a medium exhibit many unusual features such as lasing without population inversion and quenching of the Schawlow-Townes quantum noise. Such phaseonium based lasers and masers ("phasers" for short), also hold promise for sources of bright squeezed light. The potential application of these ideas to high precision magnetometry and particle acceleration are particularly interesting.
    }
}

@Article{kim'01,
    author = " K.\ Kim and  M.\ Kwon and  H.\ D.\Park and  H.\ S.\ Moon and  H.\ S.\ Rawat and  K.\ An and J.\ B.\ Kim",
    journal = " J.\Phys.\ B ",
    volume = "34",
    pages = " 4801 --+",
    year = "2001",
}

@Article{ye'02,
    author = "C.\ Y.\ Ye and  Y.\ V.\ Rostovtsev and  A.\ S.\ Zibrov and Y.\ M.\ Golubev",
    journal = " Opt.\ Comm. ",
    volume = "207",
    pages = " 227 --+",
    year = "2002",
}

@Article{arimondo'01job,
    author = "F.\ Renzoni and  C.\ Zimmermann and  P. Verkerk and E.\ Arimondo",
    journal = " J.\ Opt.\ B ",
    volume = "3",
    pages = " S7 --+",
    year = "2001",
}
@Article{arimondo'01pra,
    author = " F.\ Renzoni and  S.\ Cartaleva and  G.\ Alzetta and E.\ Arimondo",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ A ",
    volume = "63",
    pages = " 065401--+",
    year = "2001",
}

@Article{andreeva'02,
    author = "C.\ Andreeva and  S.\ Cartaleva and  Y.\ Dancheva and  V.\ Biancalana and  A.\ Burchianti and  C.\ Marinelli and  E.\ Mariotti and  L.\ Moi and K.\ Nasyrov",
    journal = "Phys.\ Rev.\ A ",
    volume = "66",
    pages = " 012502 --+",
    year = "2002",
}

@Article{taichenachev'00jetp,
    author = "A.\ V.\ Taichenachev and  A.\ M.\ Tumaikin and V.\ I.\ Yudin",
    journal = " JETP Lett. ",
    volume = "69",
    pages = " 819 --+",
    year = "1999",
}

@Article{taichenachev'00pra,
    author = " A.\ V.\ Taichenachev and  A.\ M.\ Tumaikin and V.\ I.\ Yudin",
    journal = " Phys.\ Rev.\ A ",
    volume = "61",
    pages = " 011802 --+",
    year = "2000",
    abstract={
A simple theoretical model describing the positive sign of subnatural-width absorption resonances in the recent experiment of Akulshin and co-workers [Phys. Rev. A 57, 2996 (1998)] is proposed. An analytical expression for the linear response to the weak probe field is found in the low-saturation limit with respect to the control field. It is shown that the positive sign of subnatural resonance is caused by the spontaneous transfer of the light-induced coherence from the excited level to the ground one.
}
}

@Article{alzetta'01,
  author =       "G.\ Alzetta and S.\ Cartaleva and Y.\ Dancheva and C.\ Andreeva and S.\
Gozzini and L.\ Botti and A.\ Rossi",
  title =        "",
  journal =      "J.\ of Opt.\ B",
  year =         "2001",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "181 --+"
}



@Article{budker2002rmp,
  author =       "D. Budker and W. Gawlik and D.F. Kimball and S.M. Rochester and V.V. Yashchuk and A. Weis",
  title =        "Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms",
  journal =      "Rev.\ Mod.\ Phys.",
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1153--1201",
  month =        "OCT",
  doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1153},
  abstract = {
  The authors review the history, current status, physical mechanisms, experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atomic vapors. They begin by describing the pioneering work of Macaluso and Corbino over a century ago on linear magneto-optical effects (in which the properties of the medium do not depend on the light power) in the vicinity of atomic resonances. These effects are then contrasted with various nonlinear magneto-optical phenomena that have been studied both theoretically and experimentally since the late 1960s. In recent years, the field of nonlinear magneto-optics has experienced a revival of interest that has led to a number of developments, including the observation of ultranarrow (1-Hz) magneto-optical resonances, applications in sensitive magnetometry, nonlinear magneto-optical tomography, and the possibility of a search for parity- and time-reversal-invariance violation in atoms.
  }
}

@Article{knappe2001,
     author = "S. Knappe and R. Wynands and J. Kitching and H. G. Robinson and L. Hollberg",
     title = "Characterization of coherent population-trapping resonances as atomic frequency references",
     pages = "1545--1553",
     journal = "J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.",
     year = "2001",
     month = "NOV",
     volume = "18",
     number = "11",
}

@Article{helm'01,
     author = "M. Erhard and  H. Helm",
     title = "Buffer-gas effects on dark resonances: Theory and experiment - art. no. 043813",
     pages = "043813--+",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "2001",
     month = "APR",
     volume = "63",
     number = "4",
     source = "http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v63/e043813",
     abstract = {
         Dark resonances with widths below 30 Hz have been observed in a rubidium cell filled with neon as buffer gas at room temperature. We compare an approximate analytic solution of a Lambda system to our data and show that under our experimental conditions the presence of the buffer gas reduces the power broadening of the dark resonances by two orders of magnitude. We also present numerical calculations that take into account the thermal motion and velocity-changing collisions with the buffer-gas atoms. The resulting dark-resonance features exhibit strong Dicke-type narrowing effects and thereby explain the elimination of Doppler shifts and Doppler broadening, leading to observation of a single ultranarrow dark line.
     },
}

@Article{helm'00,
     author = "M. Erhard and S.\ Nu{\ss}mann and H. Helm",
     title = "",
     pages = "061802(R)--+",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "2000",
     volume = "62"
}

@Article{sautenkov1999,
     author = "Sautenkov, V. A. and Kash, M. M. and Velichansky, V. L. and Welch, G. R.",
     title = "Density narrowing in electromagnetically induced transparency",
     pages = "889--893",
     journal = "Laser Phys.",
     year = "1999",
     month = "JUL-AUG",
     volume = "9",
     number = "4",
}

@Article{vanier98,
     author = "J. Vanier and  A. Godone and  F. Levi ",
     title = "Coherent population trapping in cesium: Dark lines and coherent microwave emission",
     pages = "2345--2358",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "1998",
     month = "SEP",
     volume = "58",
     number = "3",
}

@Article{lukin97prl,
     author = "M. D. Lukin and M. Fleischhauer and A. S. Zibrov  and H. G. Robinson and V. L. Velichansky and L. Hollberg and M. O. Scully",
     title = "Spectroscopy in dense coherent media: Line narrowing and interference effects",
     pages = "2959--2962",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "1997",
     month = "OCT 20",
     volume = "79",
     number = "16",
     abstract = {
Spectroscopic properties of coherently prepared, optically dense atomic media are studied experimentally and analyzed theoretically. It is shown that in such media the power broadening of the resonances can be substantially reduced. A density-dependent spectral narrowing of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window and novel, even narrower, resonances superimposed on the EIT line are observed in dense Rb vapor. A nonlinear two-photon spectroscopic technique based on coherent atomic media and combining high resolution with a large signal-to-noise ratio seems feasible.
}
}

@Article{akulshin'91,
     author = "A.\ M.\ Akulshin and A.\ A.\ Celikov and V.\ L.\ Velichansky",
     title = "Subnatural absorption resonances on the D1 line of rubidium induced by coherent population trapping",
     pages = "139--143",
     journal = "Opt. Commun.",
     year = "1991",
     month = "JUL 15",
     volume = "84",
     number = "3-4",
}

@Article{yudin'00jl,
     author = "A. V. Taichenachev and  A. M. Tumaikin and V. I. Yudin",
     title = "Influence of atomic motion on the shape of two-photon resonance in gas",
     pages = "119--122",
     journal = "Jetp Lett.",
     year = "2000",
     volume = "72",
     number = "3",
}

@Article{zibrov99,
     author = "A. S. Zibrov  and Lukin, M. D. and Scully, M. O.",
     title = "Nondegenerate parametric self-oscillation via multiwave mixing in coherent atomic media",
     pages = "4049--4052",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "1999",
     month = "NOV 15",
     volume = "83",
     number = "20",
}

@Article{budker99,
     author = "Budker, D. and Kimball, D. F. and Rochester, S. M. and Yashchuk, V. V.",
     title = "Nonlinear magneto-optics and reduced group velocity of light in atomic vapor with slow ground state relaxation",
     pages = "1767--1770",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "1999",
     month = "AUG 30",
     volume = "83",
     number = "9",
}

@Article{kash99,
     author = "Kash, M. M. and Sautenkov, V. A. and Zibrov, A. S. and Hollberg, L. and Welch, G. R. and Lukin, M. D. and Rostovtsev, Y. and Fry, E. S. and Scully, M. O.",
     title = "Ultraslow group velocity and enhanced nonlinear optical effects in a coherently driven hot atomic gas",
     pages = "5229--5232",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "1999",
     month = "JUN 28",
     volume = "82",
     number = "26",
}

@Article{hau99,
     author = "Hau, L. V. and Harris, S. E. and Dutton, Z. and Behroozi, C. H.",
     title = "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas",
     pages = "594--598",
     journal = "Nature",
     year = "1999",
     month = "FEB 18",
     volume = "397",
     number = "6720",
}

@Article{hau01nature,
     author = "Chien Liu and Zachary Dutton and Cyrus H. Behroozi and Lene Vestergaard Hau",
     title = "Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses",
     pages = "490--493",
     journal = "Nature",
     year = "2001",
     month = "JAN 25",
     volume = "409",
     number = "",
}

@Article{zibrov02prl,
     author = "A. S. Zibrov and A. B. Matsko and O. Kocharovskaya and Y. V. Rostovtsev and G. R. Welch and M. O. Scully",
     title = "Transporting and Time Reversing Light via Atomic Coherence",
     pages = "103601",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "2002",
     month = "MAR",
     volume = "88",
     number = "10",
     abstract = {
We study basic issues central to the storage of quantum information in a coherently prepared atomic medium such as the role of adiabaticity. We also propose and demonstrate transporting, multiplexing, and time reversing of stored light.
    }
}

@Article{lukin'97prl,
     author = "Lukin, M. D. and Fleischhauer, M. and Zibrov, A. S. and Robinson, H. G. and Velichansky, V. L. and Hollberg, L. and Scully, M. O.",
     title = "Spectroscopy in dense coherent media: Line narrowing and interference effects",
     pages = "2959--2962",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "1997",
     month = "OCT 20",
     volume = "79",
     number = "16",
}

@Article{jain96,
     author = "Jain, M. and Xia, H. and Yin, G. Y. and Merriam, A. J. and Harris, S. E.",
     title = "Efficient nonlinear frequency conversion with maximal atomic coherence",
     pages = "4326--4329",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "1996",
     month = "NOV 18",
     volume = "77",
     number = "21",
}

@Article{hemmer95,
     author = "Hemmer, P. R. and Katz, D. P. and Donoghue, J. and Croningolomb, M. and Shahriar, M. S. and Kumar, P.",
     title = "Efficient low-intensity optical-phase conjugation based on coherent population trapping in sodium",
     pages = "982--984",
     journal = "Opt. Lett.",
     year = "1995",
     month = "MAY 1",
     volume = "20",
     number = "9",
}

@Article{hakuta91,
     author = "Hakuta, K. and Marmet, L. and Stoicheff, B. P.",
     title = "Electric-field-induced 2nd-harmonic generation with reduced absorption in atomic-hydrogen",
     pages = "596--599",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "1991",
     month = "FEB 4",
     volume = "66",
     number = "5",
}

@Article{brandt'97,
     author = "Brandt, S. and Nagel, A. and Wynands, R. and Meschede, D.",
     title = "Buffer-gas-induced linewidth reduction of coherent dark resonances to below 50 Hz",
     pages = "R1063--R1066",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "1997",
     month = "AUG",
     volume = "56",
     number = "2",
}

@Article{javan'02,
     author = "A.\ Javan and O.\ Kocharovskaya and H.\ Lee and M.\ O.\ Scully",
     title = "Narrowing of electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in a Doppler-broadened medium",
     pages = "013805--+",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "2002",
     month = "JUL",
     volume = "66",
     number = "1",
     source="http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.66.013805"
}

@Article{lee'03,
  author =       "H.\ Lee and Y.\ Rostovtsev and C.\ J.\ Bednar and A.\ Javan",
  title =        "From laser induced line narrowing to electromagnetically induced transparency: closed system analysis",
  journal =      "Appl.\ Phys.\ B",
  year =         "2003",
  volume =       "76",
  pages =        "33--39",
}


@Article{taichen2003,
     author = "A.\ V.\ Taichenachev and V.\ I.\ Yudin and R.\ Wynands and
     M.\ St{\"a}hler and J.\ Kitching and L.\ Hollberg",
     title = "Theory of dark resonances for alkali-metal vapors in a buffer-gas
     cell",
     pages = "033810",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "2003",
     month = "MAR",
     volume = "67",
     number = "3",
     abstract={
We develop an analytical theory of dark resonances that accounts for the full atomic-level structure, as well as all field-induced effects such as coherence preparation, optical pumping, ac Stark shifts, and power broadening. The analysis uses a model based on relaxation constants, which assumes the total collisional depolarization of the excited state. A good qualitative agreement with the experiments for Cs in Ne is obtained.
}
}

@Article{taichenachev'02iqec,
  author =       "A.\ V.\ Taichenachev and V.\ I.\ Yudin and R.\ Wynands and J.\ Kitching and L.\ Hollberg",
  title =        "Theory of CPT resonance for alkaly atoms vapors in a buffer gas cell",
  journal =      "IQEC 2002, technical digest",
  year =         "2002",
  pages =        "334"
}

@Article{knappe2003,
  author =       "S.\ Knappe and M.\ Stahler and C.\ Affolderbach and A.\ Taichenachev and V.\ Yudin and R.\ Wynands",
  title =        "Simple parametrization of dark-resonance line shape",
  journal =      "Appl.\ Phys.\ B",
  year =         "2003",
  volume =       "76",
  pages =        "57--63",
}


@Article{arimondo'96po,
     author = "E. Arimondo",
     title = "Coherent population trapping in laser spectroscopy",
     pages = "259-354",
     chapter = "5",
     journal = "Progress in Optics",
     editor = "E. Wolf",
     publisher = "Elsevier, Amsterdam",
     year = "1996",
     month = "",
     volume = "XXXV",
     number = ""
}

@Article{Kochar2001prl,
     author = "Olga Kocharovskaya and Yuri Rostovtsev and Marlan O. Scully",
     title = "Stopping Light via Hot Atoms",
     pages = "628--631",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "2001",
     month = "JAN 22",
     volume = "86",
     number = "4",
     URL = "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.628",
}

@Article{mikhailov2002,
     author = "Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Yuri Rostovtsev and George R. Welch",
     title = "Experimental study of Stokes fields linewidth
            in resonant four-wave mixing in Rb vapour",
     pages = "2535--2542",
     journal = "Journal of Modern Optics",
     year = "2002",
     month = "",
     volume = "49",
     number = "14/15",
     URL = "",
}

@Article{rostovtsev2002jmo,
     author = "Yuri V. Rostovtsev and O. Kocharovskaya and M. O. Scully",
     title = "Stop and go control of lightin hot atomic gases",
     pages = "2637--2643",
     journal = "Journal of Modern Optics",
     year = "2002",
     month = "",
     volume = "49",
     number = "14/15",
     URL = "",
}

@Article{wynands2003shapes,
  author =       "S. Knappe and  M. St{\"a}hler and C. Affolderbach and  A.\ V.\ Taichenachev and V.\ I.\ Yudin and R.\ Wynands",
  title =        "Simple parameterization of dark-resonance line shapes",
  journal =      "Applied Physics B",
  year =         "2003",
  pages =        "",
}

@Article{wang2000nature,
     author = "L. J. Wang and A. Kuzmich and A. Dogariu",
     title = "Gain-assisted superluminal light propagation",
     pages = "277--279",
     journal = "Nature",
     year = "2000",
     month = "July",
     volume = "406",
     number = "",
     tURL = "http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v406/n6793/abs/406277a0_fs.html",
    abstract = {
Einstein's  theory of  special relativity  and the  principle of  causality
imply  that  the  speed  of  any   moving  object  cannot  exceed  that  of
light  in a  vacuum (c).  Nevertheless, there  exist various  proposals for
observing  faster-than-  c propagation  of  light  pulses, using  anomalous
dispersion near  an absorption  line, nonlinear and  linear gain  lines, or
tunnelling barriers. However, in  all previous experimental demonstrations,
the  light  pulses  experienced  either very  large  absorption  or  severe
reshaping, resulting in controversies over  the interpretation. Here we use
gain-assisted linear anomalous dispersion to demonstrate superluminal light
propagation in atomic  caesium gas. The group velocity of  a laser pulse in
this region exceeds c and can even  become negative, while the shape of the
pulse is preserved.  We measure a group-velocity index of  ng = -310(+-5); in
practice,  this means  that a  light pulse  propagating through  the atomic
vapour  cell appears  at the  exit  side so  much  earlier than  if it  had
propagated the same distance in a vacuum that the peak of the pulse appears
to leave the cell before entering it. The observed superluminal light pulse
propagation is  not at odds with  causality, being a direct  consequence of
classical  interference between  its different  frequency components  in an
anomalous dispersion region.
    },
}

@Article{wang2001pra,
     author = "A. Dogariu and A. Kuzmich and L. J. Wang",
     title = "Transparent anomalous dispersion and superluminal light-pulse propagation at a negative group velocity",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "2001",
     month = "MAY",
     volume = "63",
     number = "5",
     pages = "053806",
    abstract = {},
}

@Article{kuzmich2001prl,
     author = "A. Kuzmich and A. Dogariu and L. J. Wang and P. W. Milonni and R. Y. Chiao",
     title = "Signal velocity, causality, and quantum noise in superluminal light pulse propagation",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "2001",
     month = "APR",
     volume = "86",
     number = "18",
     pages = "3925-3929",
    abstract = {},
}

@Article{sautenkov99las,
     author = "Sautenkov, V.A. and Kash, M.M. and Velichansky, V.L. and  Welch,  G.R.",
     title = "Density narrowing in electromagnetically induced transparency",
     pages = "889-893",
     journal = "Laser Physics",
     year = "1999",
     month = "JUL--AUG",
     volume = "9",
     number = "4",
    abstract = {
We measure the linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency with varying atomic density and light intensity. Density narrowing and power broadening were observed in atomic rubidium vapor. Our results straddle regimes where comprehensive theoretical descriptions are available.
    },
}

@Article{phillips01prl,
     author = "D. F. Phillips and A. Fleischhauer and A. Mair and R. L. Walsworth and M. D. Lukin",
     title = "Storage of Light in Atomic Vapor",
     pages = "783--786",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "2001",
     month = "JAN",
     volume = "86",
     number = "5",
    abstract = {
We report an experiment in which a light pulse is effectively decelerated and trapped in a vapor of Rb atoms, stored for a controlled period of time, and then released on demand. We accomplish this "storage of light" by dynamically reducing the group velocity of the light pulse to zero, so that the coherent excitation of the light is reversibly mapped into a Zeeman (spin) coherence of the Rb vapor.
    },
}

@Article{harris99prl,
    author = "S.~E.~Harris and L.~V.~Hau",
    title = "Nonlinear optics at low light levels",
    pages = "4611",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
    year = "1999",
    volume = 82,
    abstract = {
        We show how the combination of electromagnetically induced transparency based nonlinear optics and cold atom technology, under conditions of ultraslow light propagation, allows nonlinear processes at energies of a few photons per atomic cross section.
    }
}

@Article{akulshin03pra,
    author = "A. M. Akulshin and A. Cimmino and A. I. Sidorov and P. Hannaford and G. I. Opat",
    title = "Light propagation in an atomic medium with steep and sign-reversible dispersion",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
    volume = "67",
    number = "1",
    pages = "011801(R)",
    year = "2003",
    abstract = {
We show that ground-state Zeeman coherence prepared by two-photon Raman transitions in alkali atoms results in steep controllable and sign-reversible dispersion. Pulse propagation with small negative as well as positive group velocity of light (-c/5100 and c/41 000) in a Cs vapor cell is reported. Energy exchange between copropagating light components through long-lived Zeeman coherence with enhanced absorption or transmission has been observed.
    }
}

@Article{akulshin03joptb,
    author = "A. M. Akulshin and A. Cimmino and A. I. Sidorov and R. McLean  and P. Hannaford",
    title = "Highly nonlinear atomic medium with steep and sign-reversible dispersion",
    journal = "J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.",
    volume = "5",
    number = "4",
    pages = "S479-S485",
    year = "2003",
    abstract = {}
}

@Article{godone02pra,
    author = "Aldo Godone and Filippo Levi and Salvatore Micalizio",
    title = "Slow light and superluminality in the coherent population trapping maser",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
    volume = "66",
    number = "4",
    pages = "043804",
    year = "2002",
    abstract = {
The propagation of a band-limited light pulse through an atomic medium under a Lambda  excitation scheme is theoretically analyzed in this paper. We consider in particular the case where the light pulse is detected through the coherent microwave emission of the atomic ensemble (coherent population trapping maser). Significant differences are predicted with respect to the more usual optical detection (electromagnetically induced transparency signal) and found in agreement with the experimental results. Higher signal delays were observed in the microwave emission than in the optical signal with an equivalent group velocity of 6 m/s as well as highly superluminal propagation under a proper modulation scheme. The experiments were performed with a thermal 87Rb vapor in buffer gas.
    }
}

@Article{happer72,
    author = "W. Happer",
    title = "",
    journal = "Rev. Mod. Phys.",
    volume = "44",
    number = "",
    pages = "169--249",
    year = "1972",
}

@Article{armstrong66,
    author = "J. A. Armstrong",
    title  ="",
    journal = "J. Opt. Soc. Am. ",
    volume = "56",
    pages = " 1024",
    month = "",
    year = "1966",
}

@Article{neelen92,
    author = "R. Centeno Neelen and D. M. Boersma and M. P. van Exter, G. Nienhuis and J. P. Woerdman",
    title  ="Spectral Filtering within the Schawlow-Townes Linewidth of a Semiconductor Laser",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
    volume = "69",
    number = "4",
    pages = "593 ",
    month = "JUL",
    year = "1992",
}

@Article{bahoura01,
    author = "Messaoud Bahoura and Andre Clairon",
    title  ="Diode-laser noise conversion in an optically dense atomic sample",
    journal = "Opt. Lett.",
    volume = "26",
    number = "12",
    pages = "926 ",
    month = "JUN",
    year = "2001",
}

@proceedings{zibrov_pros,
    author = "H.G. Robinson and V.V. Vasiliev and V.L. Velichanskiy and L. Hollberg and A.S. Zibrov",
    title  ="Diode Laser Noise Conversion and Reduction in Rubidium",
    organization="14th International Conference on Atomic Physics",
    volume = "1A-7",
    year = "1994",
}

@Article{nusseinzveig02,
    author = "C.L. Garrido Alzar and L.S. Cruz and J.G. Aguirre Gomez and  M. Franca Santos and P. Nussenzveig",
    title  = "Super-Poissonian intensity fluctuations and correlations between pump and probe fields in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency",
    journal = "Europhysics. Lett.",
    volume = "61",
    number = "4",
    pages = "485-491 ",
    month = "FEB",
    year = "2003",
}


@Article{mikhailov04josab,
    author = "E. E. Mikhailov and V. A. Sautenkov and Y. V. Rostovtsev and G. R. Welch",
    title  = "Absorption resonance and large negative delay in Rb vapor with buffer gas",
    journal = "JOSA B",
    volume = "21",
    number = "2",
    pages = "425-428",
    month = "FEB",
    year = "2004",
    abstract = {
        We observe a narrow, isolated, two-photon absorption resonance in 87Rb for large one-photon detuning in the presence of a buffer gas. In the absence of a buffer gas, a standard Lambda configuration of two laser frequencies gives rise to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for all values of one-photon detuning throughout the inhomogeneously (Doppler) broadened line. However, when a buffer gas is added and the one-photon detuning is comparable to or greater than the Doppler width, an absorption resonance appears instead of the usual EIT resonance. We also observe a large negative group delay (almost equal to -300 s for a Gaussian pulse that propagates through the media with respect to a reference pulse not affected by the media), corresponding to a superluminal group velocity vg = -c/(3.6  10 6) = -84 m/s.
    }
}

@Article{mikhailov'03prep,
  author =       "E.\ E.\ Mikhailov and V.\ A.\ Sautenkov and Y.\ V.\
Rostovtsev and G.\ R.\ Welch",
  title =        "Absorption resonance and large negative delay in Rb vapor
with buffer gas",
journal =      "LANL e-Print archive",
  year =         "2003",
  pages =        "",
  source =       "http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0309151",
  URL =       "http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0309151",
  abstract = {
      We observe a narrow, isolated, two-photon absorption resonance in Rb for large one-photon detuning in the presence of a buffer gas. In the absence of buffer gas, a standard Lambda configuration of two laser frequencies gives rise to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for all values of one-photon detuning throughout the inhomogeneously (Doppler) broadened line. However, when a buffer gas is added and the one-photon detuning is comparable to or greater than the Doppler width, an absorption resonance appears instead of the usual EIT resonance. We also observe large negative group delay (~ -300 us for a Gaussian pulse propagating through the media with respect to a reference pulse not affected by the media), corresponding to a superluminal group velocity v_g= -c/(3.6x10^6)=-84 m/s.
  }
}

@Article{mikhailov04pra,
    author = "Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Irina Novikova and Yuri V. Rostovtsev and George R. Welch",
    title = "Buffer-gas induced absorption resonances in Rb vapor",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
    year =    "2004",
    pages =   "033806",
    volume = "70",
    month = "SEP",
    source =     "http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v70/e033806",
    abstract = {
        We observe transformation of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance into an absorption resonance in a Lambda interaction configuration in a cell filled with 87Rb and a buffer gas. This transformation occurs as one-photon detuning of the coupling fields is varied from the atomic transition. No such absorption resonance is found in the absence of a buffer gas. The width of the absorption resonance is several times smaller than the width of the EIT resonance, and the changes of absorption near these resonances are about the same. Similar absorption resonances are detected in the Hanle configuration in a buffered cell.
    }
}

@Article{mikhailov03praprep,
    author = "Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Irina Novikova and Yuri V. Rostovtsev and George R. Welch",
    title = "Buffer-gas induced absorption resonances in Rb vapor",
    journal = "LANL e-Print archive",
    year =    "2003",
    pages =   "",
    source =  "http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0309171",
    URL =     "http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0309171",
    abstract = {
        We observe the transformation of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance to absorption in a Lambda configuration in a cell filled by Rb and buffer gas. This transformation occurs as the one-photon detuning of the coupling field is varied from resonance. No such absorption resonance is found in the absence of buffer gas. The width of the absorption resonance is several times smaller than the width of the EIT resonance, and its amplitude is about the same. Similar absorption resonances are detected in Hanle configuration in a buffered cell, although the reasons for these effects are quite different.
    }
}

@Article{mikhailov04praprep,
    author = "Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Vladimir A. Sautenkov and Irina Novikova and George R. Welch",
    title = "Large negative and positive delay of optical pulses in coherently prepared dense Rb vapor with buffer gas",
    journal = "LANL e-Print archive",
    year =    "2004",
    pages =   "",
    source =  "http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0402120",
    URL =     "http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0402120",
    abstract = {
        We experimentally study the group time delay for a light pulse propagating through hot Rb vapor in the presence of a strong coupling field in a $\Lambda$ configuration. We demonstrate that the ultra-slow pulse propagation is transformed into superluminal propagation as the one-photon detuning of the light increases due to the change in the transmission resonance lineshape. Negative group velocity as low as -c/10^6=-80 m/s is recorded. We also find that the advance time in the regime of the superluminal propagation grows linearly with increasing laser field power.
    }
}

@phdthesis{lukin98thesis,
        author="Mikhail Lukin",
        title="Quantum coherence and interference in optics and laser spectroscopy",
        school= "Texas A\&M University ",
        address="College Station",
        year=1998
}

@Article{fleischhauer94pra,
    author = "Michael Fleischhauer and Marlan O. Scully",
    title  = "Quantum sensitivity limits of an optical magnetometer based on atomic phase coherence",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
    volume = "49",
    number = "3",
    pages = "1973-1986",
    month = "MAR",
    year = "1994",
    abstract = {
An optical magnetometer based on atomic coherence effects is analyzed using a quantum Langevin approach. The large dispersion of a phase-coherent atomic medium (``phaseonium'') at a point of vanishing absorption is used to detect magnetic level shifts via optical phase measurements in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with sensitivities potentially superior to state-of-the-art devices. Effects of Doppler broadening and fluctuations of the driving field are discussed and a comparison to standard optical-pumping magnetometers is made.
}
}

@Article{scully92prl,
    author = "Marlan O. Scully and Michael Fleischhauer",
    title  = "Quantum sensitivity limits of an optical magnetometer based on atomic phase coherence",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
    volume = "69",
    number = "9",
    pages = "1360-1363",
    month = "AUG",
    year = "1992",
    abstract = {
The large dispersion of a phase-coherent medium, at a point of vanishing absorption, is applied to interferometric measurements of detuning between atomic and radiation frequencies. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the interferometer quantum-limited operation is determined by vacuum-fluctuation shot noise while the noise introduced by the interaction of the probe field with the phase-coherent atoms can be made negligible. As a possible application, an optical magnetometer is analyzed whose sensitivity is shown to be potentially superior to the present state-of-the-art devices.
}
}

@Article{stahler01eurlett,
    author = "M. Stahler and S. Knappe and C. Affolderbach and W. Kemp  and R. Wynands",
    title  = "Picotesla magnetometry with coherent dark states",
    journal = "Europhysics Lett.",
    volume = "54",
    number = "3",
    pages = "323-328",
    month = "MAY",
    year = "2001",
    abstract = {
We investigate the experimental sensitivity limit of a scalar optical magnetometer based on coherent population trapping on the D-2 line of a thermal cesium vapor. We find the expected strong dependence on averaging time, with a detection limit below 4 pT for integration times longer than 1 s, limited by slow drifts of the cell temperature and of the applied test magnetic-field itself. A detailed noise analysis shows that for shorter averaging times the demonstrated limit of about 12 pT/root Hz is dominated by the frequency noise of the laser source. The magnetometer can be operated for real-time detection in flux densities up to at least milliteslas and is robust enough for application outside the laser laboratory.
}
}

@Article{nagel98eurlett,
    author = "A. Nagel and  L. Graf and A. Naumov and E. Mariotti and V. Biancalana D. Meschede  and R. Wynands and ",
    title  = "Selection rules and line strengths of Zeeman-split dark resonances",
    journal = "Europhysics Lett.",
    volume = "44",
    number = "1",
    pages = "31-36",
    month = "OCT",
    year = "1998",
    abstract = {
Coherent population trapping resonances in cesium vapor can be used to determine DC flux densities in the range from 1 mu T to 1 mT with typically 3.10(-5) relative uncertainty. For fields modulated at a few kHz, we find sensitivities of below 10 pT within 0.5 s integration time. From the signal-to-noise ratio the sensitivity can be extrapolated to 500 fT/root Hz.. A quantitative understanding of the lineshape allows to detect DC fields of several nT even when the Zeeman components of the resonance are not resolved.
}
}

@Article{matsko01prl,
     author = "A. B. Matsko and  Y. V. Rostovtsev and M. Fleischhauer and M. O. Scully",
     title = "Anomalous Stimulated Brillouin Scattering via Ultraslow Light",
     pages = "2006-2009",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
     year = "2001",
     month = "MAR",
     volume = "86",
     number = "10",
     abstract = {
We study stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an ultradispersive coherent medium, and show that the properties of SBS change drastically when the group velocity of light in the material approaches or becomes less than the speed of sound. In particular, forward SBS not allowed in a dispersionless bulk medium takes place in the coherent medium.
    }
}

@Article{ye02pra,
     author = "C.Y.Ye and A.S.Zibrov",
     title = "Width of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in atomic vapor",
     pages = "023806",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "2002",
     month = "FEB",
     volume = "65",
     abstract = {
The width of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance is studied in rubidium vapor. Nonlinear dependence of the width on drive intensity that is caused by Doppler broadening and optical pumping is found. Density-matrix analysis supports the observed dependence. The discrepancies between experimental data and theoretical prediction are discussed.
    }
}

@Article{zibrov02pra,
     author = "A.S.Zibrov and M.D.Lukin and L.Hollberg and M.O.Scully",
     title = "Efficient frequency up-conversion in resonant coherent media",
     pages = "051801",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "2002",
     month = "MAY",
     volume = "65",
     abstract = {
We demonstrate an efficient frequency up-conversion based on generation of large atomic coherence in a cascade system. Two infrared, low power laser fields tuned to the vicinity of the two-photon transition in Rb vapor were converted spontaneously into infrared and blue radiation. Extension of the technique into other spectral regions using highly excited states seems feasible.
    }
}


@Article{fleischhauer'02,
    author = "M. T. Johnsson and M. Fleischhauer",
    title = "",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
    volume = "66",
    number = "",
    pages = "043808",
    year = "2002",
}

@Article{wynands'02,
    author = "C. Affolderbach and M. Stahler and S. Knappe and R. Wynands",
    title = "",
    journal = "Appl. Phys. B",
    volume = "75",
    number = "",
    pages = "605--612",
    year = "2002",
}

@Article{budker'00,
    author = "D. Budker and D. F. Kimball and S. M. Rochester and V. V. Yashchuk and M. Zolotorev",
    title = "",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
    volume = "62",
    number = "",
    pages = "043403",
    year = "2000",
}

@Article{hollberg'02,
    author = "J. Kitching and S. Knappe and L. Hollberg",
    title = "",
    journal = "Appl. Phys. Lett.",
    volume = "81",
    number = "",
    pages = "553--555",
    year = "2002",
}

@Article{merimaa'03,
    author = "M. Merimaa and T. Lindvall and I. Tittonen and E. Ikonen",
    title = "",
    journal = "J. Opt. Soc. Am. B",
    volume = "20",
    number = "",
    pages = "273--279",
    year = "2003",
}

@Article{townes55pr,
    author = "S. H. Autler and C. H. Townes",
    title = "Stark Effect in Rapidly Varying Fields",
    journal = "Phys. Rev.",
    volume = "100",
    number = "2",
    pages = "703--722",
    month = "OCT",
    year = "1955",
    abstract = {
A method is developed for calculating the effects of a strong oscillating field on two states of a quantum-mechanical system which are connected by a matrix element of the field. Explicit approximate solutions are obtained for a variety of special cases, and the results of numerical computations are given for others. The effect of an rf field on the J=2-->1 l-type doublet microwave absorption lines of OCS has been studied in particular both experimentally and theoretically. Each line was observed to split into two components when the frequency of the rf field was near 12.78 Mc or 38.28 Mc, which are the frequencies separating the J=1 and J=2 pairs of levels, respectively. By measuring the rf frequency, nu 0, at which the microwave lines are split into two equally intense components, one may determine the separation between the energy levels. The measured value of nu 0 depends upon the intensity of the rf field and the form of this dependence has been calculated and found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
}
}

@Article{kim97jkps,
     author = "H.A. Kim and K.A. Kwon and J.B.Kim",
     title = "Effects of laser linewidth, Rabi frequency and detunings on electromagnetically induced",
     pages = "407--412",
     journal = "Journal of the Korean Physical Society",
     year = "1997",
     volume = "30",
     number = "2",
     abstract = {
We report the effects of laser linewidth, Rabi frequency and detuning on electromagnetically induced transparency in Doppler broadened rubidium atoms. With a weak probe laser and a strong coupling laser arranged in a Doppler-cancellation configuration, Doppler-free absorption reduction was observed. By narrowing linewidths of the two lasers, the absorption reduction increased up to 78\% and the spectral linewidth of the transmitted probe beam approached a Rb natural linewidth. Laser linewidth effects on the obtained transmission were compared with a theoretical analysis based on a three-level atomic model. Also, we report on a new structure obtained when the coupling beam is slightly detuned.
    }
}

@Article{zubairy94pra,
    author = "S. Sultana and M.S.Zubairy",
    title = "EFFECT OF FINITE BANDWIDTH ON REFRACTIVE-INDEX ENHANCEMENT AND LASING WITHOUT INVERSION",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
    volume = "49",
    number = "1",
    pages = "438--448",
    month = "JAN",
    year = "1994",
    abstract = {
We have studied the effect of finite bandwidth of the driving field on the enhancement of refractive index and lasing without inversion in a three-level atomic system in which partial coherence is introduced either in upper-level or lower-level doublet via a strong microwave driving field having finite bandwidth. We find that both phenomena are adversely affected by the phase fluctuations in the driving field. Further, there is a range of driving field detuning for which the refractive index is considerably enhanced with vanishing absorption.
}
}

@Article{rostovtsev2002dopler_jmo,
     author = "Yuri Rostovtsev and I. Protsenko and H. Lee and A. Javan",
     title = "From laser-induced line narrowing to electromagnetically induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened system",
     pages = "2501--2516",
     journal = "Journal of Modern Optics",
     year = "2002",
     month = "",
     volume = "49",
     number = "14/15",
     URL = "",
     abstract = {
The laser-induced line narrowing effect in Doppler broadened systems was discovered thirty years ago. We have revisited this effect to determine its role for dense gases where recent experimental studies have found many intriguing atomic coherence effects. Using the density matrix approach, we study the width of electromagnetically induced transparency under different regimes of broadening.
}
}

@Article{rostovtsev2003dopler_apb,
     author = "H.Lee and Yuri Rostovtsev and C.J.Bednar and A. Javan",
     title = "From laser-induced line narrowing to electromagnetically induced transparency: closed system analysis",
     pages = "33--39",
     journal = "Appl. Phys. B",
     year = "2003",
     month = "",
     volume = "76",
     number = "",
     URL = "",
     abstract = {
}
}


@ARTICLE{AlzettaGMO76,
    author      = {Alzetta, G. and Gozzini, A. and Moi, L. and Orriols,
      G.},
    title       = {Experimental-method for observation of rf transitions
      and laser beat resonances in oriented na vapor},
    journal     = {Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ.
      Astron. Math. Phys. Methods},
    year        = {1976},
    volume      = {36},
    pages       = {5-20}
}

@ARTICLE{Hanle24,
    author      = {W. Hanle},
    title       = {},
    journal     = { Z. Phys.},
    year        = {1924},
    volume      = {30},
    pages       = {93}
}

@ARTICLE{Zibrov95prl,
    author      = {A. S. Zibrov and M. D. Lukin and D. E. Nikonov and L. Hollberg and M. O. Scully and V. L. Velichansky and H. G. Robinson},
    title       = {Experimental Demonstration of Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion via Quantum Interference in Rb},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett},
    year        = {1995},
    volume      = {75},
    pages       = {1499},
    abstract = {
Laser oscillation without population inversion is demonstrated experimentally in a V-type atomic configuration within the D1 andD2 lines of Rb vapor. It is shown that the effect is due to the atomic interference. The experimental results, as first predicted by careful theoretical analysis, are in a good agreement with detailed calculations.
}
}

@ARTICLE{Zibrov95las_pys,
    author      = {A. S. Zibrov and M. D. Lukin and D. E. Nikonov and L. Hollberg and M. O. Scully and V. L. Velichansky},
    title       = {},
    journal     = {Laser Physics},
    year        = {1995},
    volume      = {5},
    pages       = {563},
    abstract = {
LWI
}
}

@ARTICLE{Zibrov96prl,
    author      = {A. S. Zibrov and M. D. Lukin and L. Hollberg and D. E. Nikonov and M. O. Scully and H. G. Robinson and V. L. Velichansky},
    title       = {Experimental Demonstration of Enhanced Index of Refraction via Quantum Coherence in Rb},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett},
    year        = {1996},
    volume      = {76},
    number      = {21},
    pages       = {3935-3938},
    abstract = {
We present a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrating a resonant enhancement of the index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in a cell containing a coherently prepared Rb vapor. The results are in good agreement with detailed theoretical predictions.
}
}

@Article{Fleischhauer92pra,
     author = "M. Fleischhauer and  U. Rathe  and M. O. Scully",
     title = "Phase-noise squeezing in electromagnetically induced transparency",
     pages = "5856--5859",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "1992",
     month = "",
     volume = "46",
     number = "9",
     abstract = {
Light transmitted through a resonant atomic system with electromagnetically induced transparency displays reduced phase-noise fluctuations. For the case of the medium being inside a cavity, a 50\% squeezing of the out-of-phase component is possible outside the cavity.
}
}

@Article{Rathe96pra,
     author = "U. Rathe  and M. Fleischhauer and  M. O. Scully",
     title = "Broadband phase-noise squeezing of traveling waves in electromagnetically induced transparency",
     pages = "3961--3694",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "1996",
     month = "",
     volume = "54",
     number = "4",
     abstract = {
We show that driven Lambda -type atoms in a cell under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency squeeze the phase noise of a traveling-wave input field in a broad spectral region. The maximum squeezing is about 41\% below the shot-noise level.
}
}

@Article{Chickarmane96pra,
     author = "Vijay Chickarmane and S. V. Dhurandhar",
     title = "Performance of a dual recycled interferometer with squeezed light",
     pages = "786--793",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "1996",
     month = "",
     volume = "54",
     number = "1",
     abstract = {
We consider a dual recycled interferometer for detecting gravitational waves. Squeezed light is injected into the interferometer through the output port. We analyze the sensitivity of the detector for two cases of interest, namely, the broadband and the narrow-band modes of operation. The improvement in sensitivity due to the squeezed light is investigated in such a setup.
}
}

@ARTICLE{NovikovaMW02,
    author      = {Novikova, I. and Matsko, A. B. and Welch, G. R.},
    title       = {Large polarization self-rotation in rubidium vapour:
      application for squeezing of electromagnetic vacuum},
    journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
    year        = {2002},
    volume      = {49},
    pages       = {2565-2581},
    doi = {10.1080/0950034021000011293},
}

@ARTICLE{MatskoNWBKR02,
  title = {Vacuum squeezing in atomic media via self-rotation},
  author = {Matsko, A. B. and Novikova, I.  and Welch, G. R. and Budker, D.  and Kimball, D. F. and Rochester, S. M.},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = {66},
  number = {4},
  pages = {043815},
  numpages = {10},
  year = {2002},
  month = {Oct},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.66.043815},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@ARTICLE{NovikovaW02,
    author      = {Novikova, I. and Welch, G. R.},
    title       = {Magnetometry in dense coherent media},
    journal     = {J. Mod. Opt.},
    year        = {2002},
    volume      = {49},
    pages       = {349-358}
}


@ARTICLE{ScullyZG89,
    author      = {Scully, M. O. and Zhu, S. Y. and Gavrielides, A.},
    title       = {Degenerate quantum-beat laser - lasing without
      inversion and inversion without lasing},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1989},
    volume      = {62},
    pages       = {2813-2816}
}

@ARTICLE{Scully91,
    author      = {Scully, M. O.},
    title       = {Enhancement of the index of refraction via quantum
      coherence},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1991},
    volume      = {67},
    pages       = {1855-1858}
}

@ARTICLE{Kocharovskaya92,
    author      = {Kocharovskaya, O.},
    title       = {Amplification and lasing without inversion},
    journal     = {Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett.},
    year        = {1992},
    volume      = {219},
    pages       = {175-190}
}

@ARTICLE{KocharovskayaK88,
    author      = {Kocharovskaya, O. A. and Khanin, Y. I.},
    title       = {Coherent amplification of an ultrashort pulse in a
      3-level medium without a population-inversion},
    journal     = {Jetp Lett.},
    year        = {1988},
    volume      = {48},
    pages       = {630-634}
}

@ARTICLE{ScullyF92,
    author      = {M. O. Scully and M. Fleischhauer},
    title       = {High-sensitivity magnetometer based on index-enhanced
      media},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1992},
    volume      = {69},
    pages       = {1360-1363}
}



@ARTICLE{ZaheerZ89,
    author      = {Zaheer, K. and Zubairy, M. S.},
    title       = {Phase sensitivity in atom-field interaction via
      coherent superposition},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {1989},
    volume      = {39},
    pages       = {2000-2004},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{AgarwalN86,
    author      = {Agarwal, G. S. and Nayak, N.},
    title       = {Saturation of optical susceptibilities in strongly
      amplitudemodulated fields},
    journal     = {J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.},
    year        = {1986},
    volume      = {19},
    pages       = {3385-3400},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{RadmoreK84,
    author      = {Radmore, P. M. and Knight, P. L.},
    title       = {2-photon ionization - interference and population
      trapping},
    journal     = {Phys. Lett. A},
    year        = {1984},
    volume      = {102},
    pages       = {180-185},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{DaltonK82,
    author      = {Dalton, B. J. and Knight, P. L.},
    title       = {Population trapping and ultranarrow raman lineshapes
      induced by phase-fluctuating fields},
    journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
    year        = {1982},
    volume      = {42},
    pages       = {411-416},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{RadmoreK82,
    author      = {Radmore, P. M. and Knight, P. L.},
    title       = {Population trapping and dispersion in a 3-level
      system},
    journal     = {J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.},
    year        = {1982},
    volume      = {15},
    pages       = {561-573},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{AlzettaMO79,
    author      = {Alzetta, G. and Moi, L. and Orriols, G.},
    title       = {Non-absorption hyperfine resonances in a sodium vapor
      irradiated by a multimode dye-laser},
    journal     = {Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ.
      Astron. Math. Phys. Methods},
    year        = {1979},
    volume      = {52},
    pages       = {209-218},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{StettlerBWE79,
    author      = {Stettler, J. D. and Bowden, C. M. and Witriol, N. M.
      and Eberly, J. H.},
    title       = {Population trapping during laser-induced
      molecular-excitation and dissociation},
    journal     = {Phys. Lett. A},
    year        = {1979},
    volume      = {73},
    pages       = {171-174},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{GrayWS78,
    author      = {Gray, H. R. and Whitley, R. M. and Stroud, C. R.},
    title       = {Coherent trapping of atomic populations},
    journal     = {Opt. Lett.},
    year        = {1978},
    volume      = {3},
    pages       = {218-220},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{WhitleyS76,
    author      = {Whitley, R. M. and Stroud, C. R.},
    title       = {Double optical resonance},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {1976},
    volume      = {14},
    pages       = {1498-1513},
    abstract    = {}
}


@ARTICLE{FieldHH91,
    author      = {Field, J. E. and Hahn, K. H. and Harris, S. E.},
    title       = {Observation of electromagnetically induced
      transparency in collisionally broadened lead vapor},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1991},
    volume      = {67},
    pages       = {3062-3065},
    abstract    = {We report the observation of electromagnetically
      induced transparency on the collisionally broadened resonance line
      of Pb vapor. By applying a 1064-nm laser beam, the transmission at
      283 nm is increased by at least a factor of exp(10), with nearly
      all of the Pb atoms remaining in the ground state.}
}

@ARTICLE{BollerIH91,
    author      = {Boller, K. J. and Imamoglu, A. and Harris, S. E.},
    title       = {Observation of electromagnetically induced
      transparency},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1991},
    volume      = {66},
    pages       = {2593-2596},
    abstract    = {We report the first demonstration of a technique by
      which an optically thick medium may be rendered transparent.  The
      transparency results from a destructive interference of two dressed
      states which are created by applying a temporally smooth coupling
      laser between a bound state of an atom and the upper state of the
      transition which is to be made transparent. The transmittance of an
      autoionizing (ultraviolet) transition in Sr is changed from exp
      (-20) without a coupling laser present to exp (-1) in the presence
      of a coupling laser.}
}

@ARTICLE{HahnKH90,
    author      = {Hahn, K. H. and King, D. A. and Harris, S. E.},
    title       = {Nonlinear generation of 104.8-nm radiation within an
      absorption window in zinc},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1990},
    volume      = {65},
    pages       = {2777-2779},
    abstract    = {}
}


@ARTICLE{FleischhauerKNSZZ92,
    author      = {Fleischhauer, M. and Keitel, C. H. and Narducci, L. M.
      and Scully, M. O. and Zhu, S. Y. and Zubairy, M. S.},
    title       = {Lasing without inversion - interference of radiatively
      broadened resonances in dressed atomic systems},
    journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
    year        = {1992},
    volume      = {94},
    pages       = {599-608},
    abstract    = {We analyze the conditions under which the dressed
      states of a driven three-level system show quantum interference
      effects, of the type investigated by Harris and Imamoglu, which may
      lead to cancellation of absorption and to lasing without
      inversion.}
}

@ARTICLE{ImamogluFH91,
    author      = {Imamoglu, A. and Field, J. E. and Harris, S. E.},
    title       = {Lasers without inversion - a closed lifetime broadened
      system},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1991},
    volume      = {66},
    pages       = {1154-1156},
    abstract    = {We show a model laser system which operates by an
      electromagnetically induced interference.  Provided that an
      inversion condition for the thermal radiation field is satisfied,
      the system lases without atomic population inversion in steady
      state.  The system is pumped by incoherent radiation on the
      transition on which lasing occurs.
      }
}

@ARTICLE{ImamogluH89,
    author      = {Imamoglu, A. and Harris, S. E.},
    title       = {Lasers without inversion - interference of dressed
      lifetimebroadened states},
    journal     = {Opt. Lett.},
    year        = {1989},
    volume      = {14},
    pages       = {1344-1346},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{LyrasTLZ89,
    author      = {Lyras, A. and Tang, X. and Lambropoulos, P. and Zhang,
      J.},
    title       = {Radiation amplification through auto-ionizing
      resonances without population-inversion},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {1989},
    volume      = {40},
    pages       = {4131-4134},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{HarrisM89,
    author      = {Harris, S. E. and MacKlin, J. J.},
    title       = {Lasers without inversion - single-atom
      transient-response},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {1989},
    volume      = {40},
    pages       = {4135-4137},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{Imamoglu89,
    author      = {Imamoglu, A.},
    title       = {Interference of radiatively broadened resonances},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {1989},
    volume      = {40},
    pages       = {2835-2838},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{Harris89,
    author      = {Harris, S. E.},
    title       = {Lasers without inversion - interference of
      lifetime-broadened resonances},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1989},
    volume      = {62},
    pages       = {1033-1036},
    abstract    = {}
}


@ARTICLE{PadmabanduWSFNLS96,
    author      = {Padmabandu, G. G. and Welch, G. R. and Shubin, I. N.
      and Fry, E. S. and Nikonov, D. E. and Lukin, M. D. and Scully, M.
      O.},
    title       = {Laser oscillation without population inversion in a
      sodium atomic beam},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1996},
    volume      = {76},
    pages       = {2053-2056},
    abstract    = {Continuous wave (cw) amplification and laser
      oscillation without population inversion have been observed for the
      first time in a Lambda scheme within the sodium D-1 line. This is
      also the first demonstration in which the lasing medium was an
      atomic beam; this is an approach which, in addition to elucidating
      the physics, lays a foundation for extensions into the ultraviolet.
      Calculations using realistic atomic structure were critical to the
      choice of experimental approach. Observations agree with full
      density-matrix calculations and clearly show there was no
      population inversion.
      }
}

@ARTICLE{ZibrovLNHSV95,
    author      = {Zibrov, A. S. and Lukin, M. D. and Nikonov, D. E. and
      Hollberg, L. W. and Scully, M. O. and Velichansky, V. L.},
    title       = {Experimental demonstration of continuous-wave
      amplification without inversion via quantum interference in rb},
    journal     = {Laser Phys.},
    year        = {1995},
    volume      = {5},
    pages       = {553-555},
    abstract    = {Continuous wave amplification without inversion is
      demonstrated experimentally in a V-type configuration within D-1
      and D-2 lines of Rb vapor. It is shown that the effect is due to
      the atomic interference. The experimental results are in good
      agreement with theoretical predictions.
      }
}

@ARTICLE{FryLNPSSTWWZ93,
    author      = {Fry, E. S. and Li, X. F. and Nikonov, D. and
      Padmabandu, G. G. and Scully, M. O. and Smith, A. V. and Tittel, F.
      K. and Wang, C. and Wilkinson, S. R. and Zhu, S. Y.},
    title       = {Atomic coherence effects within the sodium d1 line -
      lasing without inversion via population trapping},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1993},
    volume      = {70},
    pages       = {3235-3238},
    abstract    = {Atomic coherence effects within the sodium D1 line are
      shown to lead to the suppression of optical pumping, to the
      switching of light on and off when the coherence effects are turned
      on and off, and especially to lasing without inversion.
      }
}

@ARTICLE{NottelmannPL93,
    author      = {Nottelmann, A. and Peters, C. and Lange, W.},
    title       = {Inversionless amplification of picosecond pulses due
      to zeeman coherence},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1993},
    volume      = {70},
    pages       = {1783-1786},
    abstract    = {We extend the basic idea of inversionless
      amplification to a picosecond test pulse in the absence of initial
      optical coherences. The crucial role of population trapping by
      lower level Zeeman coherence in atomic samarium vapor (J = 1 <-> J'
      = 0) is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically in a time
      separated preparation-test setup.
      }
}

@ARTICLE{KocharovskayaMS95,
    author      = {Kocharovskaya, O. and Mandel, P. and Scully, M. O.},
    title       = {Atomic coherence via modified spontaneous relaxation
      of driven 3-level atoms},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {1995},
    volume      = {74},
    pages       = {2451-2454},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{RatheFZHS93,
    author      = {Rathe, U. and Fleischhauer, M. and Zhu, S. Y. and
      Hansch, T. W. and Scully, M. O.},
    title       = {Nonlinear-theory of index enhancement via quantum
      coherence and interference},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {1993},
    volume      = {47},
    pages       = {4994-5002},
    abstract    = {We study the nonlinear behavior of the electric
      susceptibility for several systems showing a high index of
      refraction without absorption due to quantum coherence and
      interference. Estimates of cw intensity limits for a given index of
      refraction are obtained. We calculate critical field intensities
      for selffocusing and investigate the stability of the absorption
      cancellation with regard to intensity fluctuations.
      }
}

@ARTICLE{FleischhauerKSSUZ92,
    author      = {Fleischhauer, M. and Keitel, C. H. and Scully, M. O.
      and Su, C. and Ulrich, B. T. and Zhu, S. Y.},
    title       = {Resonantly enhanced refractive-index without
      absorption via atomic coherence},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {1992},
    volume      = {46},
    pages       = {1468-1487},
    abstract    = {An enhancement of the index of refraction accompanied
      by vanishing absorption is shown to be possible in an ensemble of
      phase-coherent atoms ("phaseonium"). A survey of various possible
      schemes in which coherence is established by certain coherent or
      incoherent methods is given, and the main results are compared and
      contrasted. In particular, the influence of processes such as
      Doppler broadening that degrade coherence is discussed.
      }
}

@ARTICLE{FleischhauerKSS92,
    author      = {Fleischhauer, M. and Keitel, C. H. and Scully, M. O.
      and Su, C.},
    title       = {Lasing without inversion and enhancement of the index
      of refraction via interference of incoherent pump processes},
    journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
    year        = {1992},
    volume      = {87},
    pages       = {109-114},
    abstract    = {For the LAMBDA quantum beat laser we investigate the
      generation of coherence between the two lower levels via incoherent
      pumping of these two levels to a fourth auxiliary level. It will be
      shown that this way of establishing coherence also leads to lasing
      without inversion and to an enhancement of the index of refraction
      at a point of vanishing absorption.}
}

@ARTICLE{ScullyZ92,
    author      = {Scully, M. O. and Zhu, S. Y.},
    title       = {Ultra-large index of refraction via quantum
      interference},
    journal     = {Opt. Commun.},
    year        = {1992},
    volume      = {87},
    pages       = {134-138},
    abstract    = {Atoms prepared in a coherent superposition of an
      excited state doublet by a strong driving field can produce a large
      resonant index of refraction with vanishing absorption.
      }
}

@ARTICLE{Levi2000epjd,
    author      = {F. Levi and A. Godone and J. Vanier ans S. Micalizio and G. Modugno},
    title       = {Line-shape of dark line and maser emission profile in CPT},
    journal     = {Eur. Phys. J. D},
    year        = {2000},
    volume      = {12},
    pages       = {53-59},
}

@ARTICLE{Failache2003pra,
    author      = {H. Failache and P. Valente and G. Ban and V. Lorent and A. Lezama},
    title       = {Inhibition of electromagnetically induced absorption due to excited-state decoherence in Rb vapor},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {2003},
    volume      = {67},
    pages       = {043810},
    abstract    = {
The explanation presented by Taichenachev et al. [Phys. Rev. A 61, 011802 (2000)] according to which the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonances observed in degenerate two-level systems are due to coherence transfer from the excited to the ground state is experimentally tested in a Hanle-type experiment observing the parametric resonance on the D1 line of 87Rb. While EIA occurs in the F=1-->F'=2 transition in a cell containing only Rb vapor, collisions with a buffer gas (30 torr of Ne) cause the sign reversal of this resonance as a consequence of collisional decoherence of the excited state. A theoretical model in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results is presented.
    }
}

@Article{failache'02prep,
  author =       "H.\ Failache and P.\ Valente and G.\ Ban and V.\ Lorent and A.\ Lezama",
  title =        "Inhibition of electromagnetically induced absorption due to excited state decoherence in Rb vapor",
  journal =      "LANL e-Print archive",
  year =         "2002",
  pages =        "",
  source =       "http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0211065",
  URL =       "http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0211065"
}


@Article{xiao95,
  author =       "Y.\ Li and M.\ Xiao",
  title =        "",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  year =         "1995",
  volume=       "51",
  pages =        "4959"
}

@Article{rapol03,
  author =       "U.\ D.\ Rapol and A.\ Wasan and V.\ Natarajan",
  title =        "",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  year =         "2003",
  volume=       "67",
  pages =        "053802"
}

@Article{bloembergen'85,
  author =       "N.\ Bloembergen and Y.\ H.\ Zou and L.\ J.\ Rothberg",
  title =        "Collision-Induced Hanle Resonances of Kilohertz Width in
Phase-Conjugate Four-Wave Light Mixing ",
   journal =      "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
  year =         "1985",
  volume=       "54",
  pages =        "186--188"
}

@ARTICLE{MatskoKRWZS01,
    author      = {Matsko, A. B. and Kocharovskaya, O. and Rostovtsev, Y.
        and Welch, G. R. and Zibrov, A. S. and Scully, M. O.},
    title       = {Slow, ultraslow, stored, and frozen light},
    journal     = {Advan Atom Mol Opt Phys},
    year        = {2001},
    volume      = {46},
    pages       = {191-242},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{agarwal'91aamop,
    author      = {G.\ S.\ Agarwal},
    title       = {Collision-induced coherences in optical physics},
    journal     = {Advan Atom Mol Opt Phys},
    year        = {1991},
    volume      = {29},
    pages       = {113--176},
    abstract    = {}
}

@Book{chiao_book,
  author = "R.\ Y.\ Chiao",
  editor =       "R.\ Y.\ Chiao",
  title =        "Amazing Light",
  PUBLISHER =    "Springer, New York",
  year =         "1996",
  pages="91--108"
}

@ARTICLE{TurukhinSSMHH02,
    author      = {Turukhin, A. V. and Sudarshanam, V. S. and Shahriar,
      M. S. and Musser, J. A. and Ham, B. S. and Hemmer, P. R.},
    title       = {Observation of ultraslow and stored light pulses in a
      solid},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {2002},
    volume      = {88},
    pages       = {023602},
    abstract    = {We report ultraslow group velocities of light in an
      optically dense crystal of Pr doped Y2SiO5. Light speeds as slow as
      45 m/s were observed, corresponding to a group delay of 66 mus.
      Deceleration and "stopping" or trapping of the light pulse was also
      observed. These reductions of the group velocity are accomplished
      by using a sharp spectral feature in absorption and dispersion that
      is produced by resonance Raman excitation of a ground-state spin
      coherence.
      }
}


@ARTICLE{Vanier03,
    author      = {J.\ Vanier and M.\ W.\ Levine and D.\ Janssen and M.\
J.\ Delaney},
    title       = {On the Use of Intensity Optical Pumping and Coherent
Population Trapping Techniques in the Implementation of Atomic
Frequency Standards},
    journal     = {IEEE Trans.\ Instrum.\ Meas.},
    year        = {2003},
    volume      = {52},
    pages       = {822--831},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{phillips03,
    author      = {A.\ Mair and J.\ Hager and D.\ F.\ Phillips and R.\ L.\
Walsworth and M.\ D.\ Lukin},
    title       = {Phase coherence and control of stored photonic information},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {2002},
    volume      = {65},
    pages       = {031802},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{Bigelow03prl,
    author      = {M. S. Bigelow and N. N. Lepeshkin and R. W. Boyd},
    title       = {Observation of ultraslow light propagation in a ruby crystal at room temperature},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
    year        = {2003},
    volume      = {90},
    pages       = {113903},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{Bigelow03sci,
    author      = {M.S. Bigelow and N.N. Lepeshkin and R.W. Boyd},
    title       = {Superluminal and slow light propagation in a room-temperature solid},
    journal     = {Science},
    year        = {2003},
    volume      = {301},
    number      = "5630",
    pages       = {200-202},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{stenner2003nat,
    author      = {M.D. Stenner and D.J. Gauthier and M.A. Neifeld},
    title       = {The speed of information in a 'fast-light' optical medium},
    journal     = {Nature},
    year        = {2003},
    volume      = {425},
    number      = "6959",
    pages       = {695-698},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{kim2003pra,
    author      = {K. Kim and H. S. Moon and C. H. Lee and S. K. Kim and J. B. Kim},
    title       = {Observation of arbitrary group velocities of light from superluminal to subluminal on a single atomic transition line},
    journal     = {Phys. Rev. A},
    year        = {2003},
    volume      = {68},
    number      = "1",
    pages       = {013810},
    abstract    = {}
}

@ARTICLE{payne2001pra,
    author  = {M.\ G.\ Payne and L.\ Deng},
    journal = {Phys.\ Rev.\ A},
    year    = {2001},
    volume  = {64},
    pages   = {031802},
    abstract = {}
}

@ARTICLE{deng2002pra,
    author  = {L.\ Deng and E. W.\ Hagley and M.\ Kozuma and M.\ G.\ Payne},
    journal = {Phys.\ Rev.\ A},
    year    = {2002},
    volume  = {65},
    pages   = {051805},
    abstract = {}
}

@ARTICLE{deng2002prl,
    author  = {L.\ Deng and M.\ Kozuma and E. W.\ Hagley and M.\ G.\ Payne},
    journal = {Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.},
    year    = {2002},
    volume  = {88},
    pages   = {143902},
    abstract = {}
}

@ARTICLE{kien2000canj,
    author  = {Fam Le Kien and K. Hakuta},
    journal = {Can.\ J.\ Phys.},
    volume  = {78},
    pages   = {543},
    year    = {2000},
    abstract = {}
}

@ARTICLE{liang2002pra,
    author = {J.\ Q.\ Liang and M.\ Katsuragawa and Fam Le Kien and K.\ Hakuta},
    journal = {Phys.\ Rev.\ A},
    volume  = {65},
    pages   = {031801},
    year    = {2002},
    abstract = {}
}

@ARTICLE{kien2003ieee,
    author  = {Fam Le Kien and Jia Qi Liang and Kohzo Hakuta},
    journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics},
    volume  = {9},
    pages   = {93},
    year    = {2003},
    abstract = {}
}

@Article{rost'02,
    author = "Y. Rostovtsev and I. Protsenko and H. Lee and A. Javan",
    title = "From laser-induced line narrowing to electromagnetically induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened system",
    journal = "J. Mod. Opt.",
    volume = "49",
    number = "",
    pages = "2501--2517",
    year = "2002",
}

@Article{kuznetsova'02,
    author = "E. Kuznetsova and O. Kocharovskaya and P. Hemmer
and M. O. Scully",
    title = "",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
    volume = "66",
    number = "",
    pages = "063802",
    year = "2002",

}

@Article{lounis92,
    author = "B. Lounis  and  C. Cohen-Tannoudji",
    title = "Coherent population trapping and Fano profiles",
    journal = "J. Phys. II",
    volume = "2",
    number = "",
    pages = "579-592",
    year = "1992",

}


@Article{gorodetsky99josab,
    author = "M. L. Gorodetsky and V. S. Ilchenko",
    title  = "Optical microsphere resonators: optimal coupling to high- Q whispering-gallery modes",
    journal = "JOSA B",
    volume = "16",
    number = "1",
    pages = "147-154",
    month = "JAN",
    year = "1999",
    abstract = {
    }
}

@Article{knight97optl,
    author = "J. C. Knight and G. Cheung and F. Jacques and T. A. Birks",
    title  = "Phase-matched excitation of whispering-gallery-mode
        resonances by a fibertaper",
    journal = "Opt. Lett.",
    volume = "22",
    number = "15",
    pages = "1129-1131",
    month = "AUG",
    year = "1997",
    abstract = {
    }
}

@Article{savchenkov2004pra,
  author =       "Anatoliy A.   Savchenkov and Vladimir S.   Ilchenko and Andrey B.  Matsko and Lute Maleki",
  title =        "Kilohertz optical resonances in dielectric crystal cavities",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  year =         "2004",
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "",
  pages =        "051804",
  month =        "",
  abstract = {
  }
}

@Article{kimble2002prd,
  author =       "H. J. Kimble and Yuri Levin and Andrey B. Matsko and Kip S. Thorne and Sergey P. Vyatchanin",
  title =        "Conversion of conventional gravitational-wave interferometers into quantum nondemolition interferometers by modifying their input and/or output optics",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. D",
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "",
  pages =        "022002",
  month =        "",
  abstract = {
  }
}

@Article{caves1981prd,
  author =       "C. M. Caves",
  title =        "Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. D",
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1693",
  month =        "APR",
  abstract = {
      The interferometers now being developed to detect gravitational
          waves work by measuring the relative positions of widely
          separated masses. Two fundamental sources of
          quantum-mechanical noise determine the sensitivity of such
          an interferometer: (i) fluctuations in number of output
          photons (photon-counting error) and (ii) fluctuations in
          radiation pressure on the masses (radiation-pressure error).
          Because of the low power of available continuous-wave
          lasers, the sensitivity of currently planned interferometers
          will be limited by photon-counting error. This paper
          presents an analysis of the two types of quantum-mechanical
          noise, and it proposes a new techniquethe "squeezed-state"
          techniquethat allows one to decrease the photon-counting
          error while increasing the radiation-pressure error, or vice
          versa. The key requirement of the squeezed-state technique
          is that the state of the light entering the interferometer's
          normally unused input port must be not the vacuum, as in a
          standard interferometer, but rather a "squeezed state"a
          state whose uncertainties in the two quadrature phases are
          unequal. Squeezed states can be generated by a variety of
          nonlinear optical processes, including degenerate parametric
          amplification.
  }
}

@Article{junye2000pra,
  author =       "Jun Ye and John L. Hall",
  title =        "Cavity ringdown heterodyne spectroscopy: High sensitivity with microwatt light power",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  year =         "2000",
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "061802",
  month =        "JUN",
  abstract = {
      We present an ac heterodyne technique in cavity ringdown spectroscopy that permits 1 x 10-10 absorption sensitivity with microwatt-level light power. Two cavity modes, one probing the empty cavity and the other probing intracavity absorption, are excited simultaneously but with their intensities temporally out of phase, with one mode decaying and the other rising. Heterodyne detection between the two modes reveals the dynamic time constants associated with the empty cavity and the additional intracavity gas absorption. The method offers a quick comparison between the on- and off-resonance information, a prerequisite to reaching the fundamental shot-noise limit. This simple and yet important improvement of cavity ringdown spectroscopy should lead to the enhanced performance of a wide range of applications.
  }
}

@Article{sauer2004pra,
  author =       "J. A. Sauer and K. M. Fortier and M. S. Chang and C. D. Hamley and M. S. Chapman",
  title =        "Cavity QED with optically transported atoms",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  year =         "2004",
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "051804",
  month =        "MAY",
  abstract = {
      Ultracold 87Rb  atoms are delivered into a high-finesse optical microcavity using a translating optical lattice trap and detected via the cavity field. The atoms are loaded into an optical lattice from a magneto-optic trap and transported 1.5  cm into the cavity. Our cavity satisfies the strong-coupling requirements for a single intracavity atom, thus permitting real-time observation of single atoms transported into the cavity. This transport scheme enables us to vary the number of intracavity atoms from 1  to   > 100 corresponding to a maximum atomic cooperativity parameter of 5400, the highest value ever achieved in an atom-cavity system. When many atoms are loaded into the cavity, optical bistability is directly measured in real-time cavity transmission.
  }
}

@Article{akamatsu2004prl,
  author =       "D.~Akamatsu and K.~Akiba and M.~Kozuma",
  title =        "Electromagnetically Induced Transparency with Squeezed Vacuum",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
  year =         "2004",
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "20",
  pages =        "203602",
  month =        "MAY",
  abstract = {
      The squeezed vacuum resonant on the 87Rb D1 line (probe light) was
          injected into an optically dense rubidium gas cell with a
          coherent light (control light). The output probe light
          maintained its quadrature squeezing within the transparency
          window caused by the electromagnetically induced
          transparency (EIT). The results reported here are the first
          realization of EIT in the full quantum regime.
  }
}

@Article{collett1984pra,
     author = "M.~J.~Collett and C.~W.~Gardiner",
     title = "Squeezing of intracavity and traveling-wave light fields produced in parametric amplification",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "1984",
     month = "SEP",
     volume = "30",
     number = "3",
     pages = "1386-1391",
    abstract = {
        A general input-output theory for quantum dissipative systems is
            developed in which it is possible to relate output to
            input via the internal dynamics of a system. This is
            applied to the problem of computing the squeezing produced
            by a degenerate parametric amplifier located inside a
            cavity. The results for the internal modes are identical
            with those of Milburn and Walls [Opt. Commun. 39, 401
            (1981)]. The output field is also found to have only 50%
            of maximal squeezing. However, by taking the output for a
            degenerate parametric amplifier inside a single-ended
            cavity and feeding this into an empty single-ended cavity,
        one can produce a maximally squeezed state inside this second
            cavity.
    },
}

@Article{kramers1926nature,
     author = "H.A.~Kramers",
     title = "",
     journal = "Nature",
     year = "1926",
     month = "",
     volume = "117",
     number = "",
     pages = "775",
    abstract = {
    },
}

@Article{kronig1926josa,
     author = "R. de L. Kronig",
     title = "",
     journal = "J. Opt. Soc. Am.",
     year = "1926",
     month = "",
     volume = "12",
     number = "",
     pages = "547",
    abstract = {
    },
}


@Article{taichenachev2003pra,
     author = "A.~V.~Taichenachev and V.~I.~Yudin and R.~Wynands and M.~Stahler and J.~Kitching and L.~Hollberg",
     title = "",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. A",
     year = "2003",
     month = "",
     volume = "67",
     number = "",
     pages = "033810",
    abstract = {
    },
}

@Article{corbitt2004prd,
     author = "T. Corbitt and N. Mavalvala and S. Whitcomb",
     title = "Optical cavities as amplitude filters for squeezed fields",
     journal = "Phys. Rev. D",
     year = "2004",
     month = "",
     volume = "70",
     number = "",
     pages = "022002",
    abstract = {
    },
}

@Article{lukin1998ol,
     author = "M. Lukin and M. Fleischhauer and M. Scully and V. L. Velichansky",
     title = "Intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency",
     journal = "Opt. Lett.",
     year = "1998",
     month = "",
     volume = "23",
     number = "4",
     pages = "295-297",
    abstract = {
    },
}

@Article{harms2004prd,
    author = "J.~Harms and R.~Schnabel and K.~Danzmann",
    title = "",
    journal = "Phys.~Rev.~D",
    year = "2004",
    month = "",
    volume = "70",
    pages = "102001",
    abstract = { },
}

@Article{peng2005pra,
    author = "A. Peng and M Johnsson and W. P. Bowen and P. K. Lam and H.-A. Bachor and J. J. Hope",
    title = "",
    journal = "Phys.~Rev.~A",
    year = "2005",
    month = "",
    volume = "71",
    pages = "033809",
    abstract = { },
}

@Article{muller97pra,
  author =       {G. M\"{u}ller and M. M\"{u}ller and A. Wicht and R.-H. Rinkleff and K. Danzmann},
  title =        "Optical resonator with steep internal dispersion",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2385 -- 2389",
  month =        "SEP",
  abstract = {
	  We present an optical resonator with modified properties due to a nonabsorbing highly dispersive medium. The steep nonabsorbing dispersion is created with an additional pump field in an atomic beam using the effect of coherent population trapping. The linewidth of such a resonator depends on the slope of the dispersion line, which in turn depends on the atomic density and the intensity of pump and probe field. In the experiments presented here, the cavity linewidth is reduced by a factor of more than 50 relative to the linewidth of the empty resonator. We have studied the influence of the relative intensities of pump and probe field on the line profile. Due to the dispersion of the medium, the resonance frequency is nearly independent of the geometrical length of the resonator.
  }
}

@Article{Braje2003pra,
  author =       {Danielle A. Braje and Vlatko Balic and G. Y. Yin and S. E. Harris},
  title =        "Low-light-level nonlinear optics with slow light",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  year =         "2003",
  volume =       "68",
  number = 	 {4},
  pages =        "041801",
  numpages = 	 {4},
  month =        "OCT",
  abstract = {
Electromagnetically induced transparency in an optically thick, cold medium creates a unique system where pulse-propagation velocities may be orders of magnitude less than c and optical nonlinearities become exceedingly large. As a result, nonlinear processes may be efficient at low-light levels. Using an atomic system with three, independent channels, we demonstrate a quantum interference switch where a laser pulse with an energy per area of ~23 photons per lambda2/(2pi) causes a 1/e absorption of a second pulse.
  },
     URL = "http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v68/e041801",
}

@Article{mikhailov05prlprep,
    author = "Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and
	    Keisuke Goda and Thomas Corbitt and Nergis Mavalvala
	    ",
    title = "Frequency-Dependent Squeeze Amplitude Attenuation and Squeeze
	    Angle Rotation by Electromagnetically Induced Transparency for
	    Gravitational Wave Interferometers",
    journal = "LANL e-Print archive",
    year =    "2005",
    pages =   "",
    source =  "http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0508102",
    URL =     "http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0508102",
    abstract = {
	    We study the effects of frequency-dependent squeeze amplitude
		    attenuation and squeeze angle rotation by
		    electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on
		    gravitational wave (GW) interferometers. We propose the
		    use of low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass EIT filters, an
		    S-shaped EIT filter, and an intra-cavity EIT filter to
		    generate frequency-dependent squeezing for injection into
		    the antisymmetric port of GW interferometers. We find that
		    the EIT filters have several advantages over the previous
		    filter designs with regard to optical losses, compactness,
	    and the tunability of the filter linewidth.
    }
}

@article{mikhailov2005pra_eit_rot,
	title = {Frequency-dependent squeeze-amplitude attenuation and
		squeeze-angle rotation by electromagnetically induced
			transparency for gravitational-wave
			interferometers},
	month = {May},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.73.053810},
	author = {Mikhailov, Eugeniy E. and Goda, Keisuke and
		Corbitt, Thomas and Mavalvala, Nergis},
	year = {2006},
	issue = {5},
	url =
	{http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.053810},
	numpages = {5},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	pages = {053810},
	volume = {73}
}

@article{goda2005pra,
	author = {Keisuke Goda and Kirk McKenzie and Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and
		Ping Koy Lam and David E. McClelland and Nergis Mavalvala},
	collaboration = {},
	title = {Photothermal fluctuations as a fundamental limit to
		low-frequency squeezing in a degenerate optical parametric
			oscillator},
	publisher = {APS},
	year = {2005},
	journal = {\pra},
	volume = {72},
	number = {4},
	eid = {043819},
	pages = {043819},
	keywords = {photothermal effects; optical squeezing; optical
		parametric amplifiers; light interferometers; gravitational
			wave detectors; optical noise},
	link = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v72/e043819}
}


@article{mikhailovPRA06noninvasive,
	author = {Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Keisuke Goda and Nergis Mavalvala},
	collaboration = {},
	title = {Noninvasive measurements of cavity parameters by use of
		squeezed vacuum},
	publisher = {APS},
	year = {2006},
	journal = {Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics)},
	volume = {74},
	number = {3},
	eid = {033817},
	numpages = {6},
	pages = {033817},
	keywords = {optical squeezing; quantum noise; optical resonators;
		nonlinear optics},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v74/e033817},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.74.033817}
}


@article{mckenzie_quantum_2005,
	title = {Quantum noise locking},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1464-4266},
	abstract = {Quantum optical states which have no coherent amplitude, such as squeezed vacuum states, cannot rely on standard readout techniques to generate error signals for control of the quadrature phase. Here we investigate the use of asymmetry in the quadrature variances to obtain a phase-sensitive readout and to lock the phase of a squeezed vacuum state, a technique which we call noise locking (NL). We carry out a theoretical derivation of the NL error signal and the associated stability of the squeezed and anti-squeezed lock points. Experimental data for the NL technique both in the presence and absence of coherent fields are shown, including a comparison with coherent locking techniques. Finally, we use NL to enable a stable readout of the squeezed vacuum state on a homodyne detector.},
	journal = {Journal of Optics B},
	author = {Kirk McKenzie and Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Keisuke Goda and Ping Koy Lam and Nicolai Grosse and Malcolm B. Gray and Nergis Mavalvala and David E. McClelland},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {S421-S428}
}

@article{matsko_vacuum_2002,
	title = {Vacuum squeezing in atomic media via self-rotation},
	volume = {66},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v66/e043815},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {A. B. Matsko and I.  Novikova and G. R. Welch and D.  Budker and D. F. Kimball and S. M. Rochester},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {043815},
	numpages = {10},
	month = {Oct},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.66.043815},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
}


@article{ries_experimental_2003,
	title = {Experimental vacuum squeezing in rubidium vapor via self-rotation},
	volume = {68},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v68/e025801},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {J.  Ries and B.  Brezger and A. I. Lvovsky},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {025801}
}

@article{hsu_effect_2006,
	title = {Effect of atomic noise on optical squeezing via polarization self-rotation in a thermal vapor cell},
	volume = {73},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v73/e023806},
	journal = {Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics)},
	author = {M. T. L. Hsu and G. Hetet and A. Peng and C. C. Harb and H.-A. Bachor and M. T. Johnsson and J. J. Hope and P. K. Lam and A. Dantan and J. Cviklinski and A. Bramati and M. Pinard},
	month = feb,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {optical noise,optical squeezing,quantum noise},
	pages = {023806-9},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.73.023806},
}

@article{novikova_large_sr_squeezing_2002,
	title = {Large polarization self-rotation in rubidium vapour: application for squeezing of electromagnetic vacuum},
	url = {http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content\~content=a713825919\~db=all},
	author = {I. Novikova and A. B. Matsko and G. R. Welch},
	volume = {49},
	number={14},
	journal = {Journal of Modern Optics},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {2565-2581},
	doi = {10.1080/0950034021000011293},
	keywords = {Fibre Optics,Optical Communications,Optics \& Optoelectronics,Optics, Optoelectronic Effects, Devices \& Systems,Optoelectronics,squeezing},
}

@article{hetet_squeezed_at_D1_Rb_2007,
	title = {Squeezed light for bandwidth-limited atom optics experiments at the rubidium D1 line},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {0953-4075},
	abstract = {We report on the generation of more than 5 dB of vacuum squeezed light at the rubidium D1 line (795 nm) using periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) in an optical parametric oscillator. We demonstrate squeezing at low sideband frequencies, making this source of non-classical light compatible with bandwidth-limited atom optics experiments. When PPKTP is operated as a parametric amplifier, we show a noise reduction of 4 dB stably locked within the 150 kHz-500 kHz frequency range. This matches the bandwidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium hot vapour cells under the condition of large information delay.},
	journal = {Journal of Physics B},
	author = {G. H{\'e}tet and O. Gl{\"o}ckl and K. A. Pilypas and C. C. Harb and B. C. Buchler and H.-A. Bachor and P. K. Lam},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {221-226}
}


@article{vahlbruch_observation_2008,
	title = {Observation of Squeezed Light with 10-dB Quantum-Noise Reduction},
	volume = {100},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v100/e033602},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Henning Vahlbruch and Moritz Mehmet and Simon Chelkowski and Boris Hage and Alexander Franzen and Nico Lastzka and Stefan Gossler and Karsten Danzmann and Roman Schnabel},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {033602-4}
}
@article{vahlbruch_observation_2007_arxiv,
	title = {Observation of squeezed light with 10dB quantum noise reduction},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1431},
	journal = {0706.1431},
	author = {Henning Vahlbruch and Moritz Mehmet and Nico Lastzka and Boris Hage and Simon Chelkowski and Alexander Franzen and Stefan Gossler and Karsten Danzmann and Roman Schnabel},
	month = jun,
	year = {2007}
}

@article{honda_sq_storage_in_Rb_2007,
	title = {Storage and Retrieval of a Squeezed Vacuum},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.1785},
	journal = {arXiv:0709.1785},
	author = {Kazuhito Honda and Daisuke Akamatsu and Manabu Arikawa and Yoshihiko Yokoi and Keiichirou Akiba and Satoshi Nagatsuka and Takahito Tanimura and Akira Furusawa and Mikio Kozuma},
	month = sep,
	year = {2007}
}

@article{kozumaOE07,
	author = {M. Arikawa and K. Honda and D. Akamatsu and Y. Yokoil and K. Akiba and S. Nagatsuka and A. Furusawa and M. Kozuma},
	journal = {Opt. Express},
	keywords = {Quantum optics; Squeezed states},
	number = {19},
	pages = {11849--11854},
	publisher = {OSA},
	title = {Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency for a squeezedvacuum with the time domain method},
	volume = {15},
	month = {Sep},
	year = {2007},
	url = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-19-11849},
	doi = {10.1364/OE.15.011849},
	abstract = {A probe light in a squeezed vacuum state was injected into cold87Rb atoms with an intense control light in a coherent state. A sub-MHzwindow was created due to electromagnetically induced transparency, andthe incident squeezed vacuum could pass through the cold atoms withoutoptical loss, as was successfully monitored using a time-domain homodynemethod.},
}

@article{kozumaPRA10,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  numpages = {4},
  month = {Feb},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.81.021605},
  issue = {2},
  author = {Arikawa, Manabu and Honda, Kazuhito and Akamatsu, Daisuke and Nagatsuka, Satoshi and Akiba, Keiichirou and Furusawa, Akira and Kozuma, Mikio},
  title = {Quantum memory of a squeezed vacuum for arbitrary frequency sidebands},
  year = {2010},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.81.021605},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {021605},
  volume = {81}
}




@article{furusawaOE07,
	author = {Yuishi Takeno and Mitsuyoshi Yukawa and Hidehiro Yonezawa and Akira Furusawa},
	journal = {Opt. Express},
	keywords = {Homodyning; Squeezed states},
	number = {7},
	pages = {4321--4327},
	publisher = {OSA},
	title = {Observation of -9 dB quadrature squeezing with improvement of phasestability in homodyne measurement},
	volume = {15},
	month = {Apr},
	year = {2007},
	url = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-7-4321},
	doi = {10.1364/OE.15.004321},
	abstract = {We observe -9.01{\textpm}0.14 dB of squeezing and $+$15.12{\textpm}0.14 dB of antisqueezing with a local oscillator phase locked in homodyne measurement. Suzuki et al. have pointed out two main factors in \[Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 061116 (2006)\], which degrade the observed squeezing level:phase fluctuation in homodyne measurement and intracavity losses of an optical parametric oscillator for squeezing. We have improved the phase stability of homodyne measurement and have reduced the intracavity losses. We measure pump power dependences of the squeezing and antisqueezing levels, which show good agreement with theoretical calculations taking account of the phase fluctuation.},
}



@article{furusawa08_prl_sq_eit,
	author = {Kazuhito Honda and Daisuke Akamatsu and Manabu Arikawa
		and Yoshihiko Yokoi and Keiichirou Akiba and Satoshi
			Nagatsuka and Takahito Tanimura and Akira Furusawa
			and Mikio Kozuma},
	collaboration = {},
	title = {Storage and Retrieval of a Squeezed Vacuum},
	publisher = {APS},
	year = {2008},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	volume = {100},
	number = {9},
	eid = {093601},
	numpages = {4},
	pages = {093601},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v100/e093601},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.093601}
}



@article{appel_sq_quantum_memory_Rb_2007,
	title = {Quantum memory for squeezed light},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.2258},
	journal = {arXiv:0709.2258},
	author = {Juergen Appel and Eden Figueroa and Dmitry Korystov and
		A. I. Lvovsky},
	month = sep,
	year = {2007}
}

@article{lvovsky08prl_sq_eit,
	author = {J\"{u}rgen Appel and Eden Figueroa and Dmitry Korystov
		and M. Lobino and A. I. Lvovsky},
	collaboration = {},
	title = {Quantum Memory for Squeezed Light},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Mar},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	volume = {100},
	number = {9},
	eid = {093602},
	numpages = {4},
	pages = {093602},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v100/e093602},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.093602}
}


@article{lvovsky09njp_squeeziong_eit,
  author={Eden Figueroa and Mirko Lobino and Dmitry Korystov and Jurgen
	  Appel and A. I. Lvovsky},
  title={Propagation of squeezed vacuum under electromagnetically induced transparency},
  journal={New Journal of Physics},
  volume={11},
  number={1},
  pages={013044},
  url={http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/11/013044},
  year={2009},
  abstract={We analyze the transmission of continuous-wave and pulsed squeezed vacuum through rubidium vapor under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. Our analysis is based on a full theoretical treatment for a squeezed state of light propagating through temporal and spectral filters and detected using time and frequency-domain homodyne tomography. A model based on a three-level atom allows us to evaluate the linear losses and extra noise that degrade the nonclassical properties of the squeezed vacuum during the atomic interaction and eventually predict the quantum states of the transmitted light with a high precision.}
}

@article{chelkowski_10Hz_squeezing_2007,
	title = {Coherent control of broadband vacuum squeezing},
	volume = {75},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v75/e043814},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {Simon Chelkowski and Henning Vahlbruch and Karsten Danzmann and Roman Schnabel},
	month = apr,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {homodyne detection,optical control,optical parametric oscillators},
	pages = {043814-9}
}

@article{novikova_ac-stark_2000,
	title = {Ac-Stark shifts in the nonlinear Faraday effect},
	volume = { 25},
	url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-25-22-1651},
	abstract = {The frequency of the dark resonance in coherent population trapping experiments has been measured as a function of the degree of ellipticity and the intensity of the probe light. The results have been used to find the quantum limit of sensitivity of an optical magnetometer based on the nonlinear Faraday effect.},
	journal = {Opt. Lett.},
	author = {I. Novikova and A. B. Matsko and V. A. Sautenkov and V. L. Velichansky and G. R. Welch and M. O. Scully},
	year = {2000},
	pages = { 1651-1653}
}

@article{rochester_self-rotation_2001,
  title = {Self-rotation of resonant elliptically polarized light in collision-free rubidium vapor},
  author = {Rochester, S. M. and Hsiung, D. S. and Budker, D.  and Chiao, R. Y. and Kimball, D. F. and Yashchuk, V. V.},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = {63},
  number = {4},
  pages = {043814},
  numpages = {10},
  year = {2001},
  month = {Mar},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.63.043814},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v63/e043814},
}

@article{akamatsu_ultraslow_2007,
	title = {Ultraslow Propagation of Squeezed Vacuum Pulses with Electromagnetically Induced Transparency},
	volume = {99},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v99/e153602},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Daisuke Akamatsu and Yoshihiko Yokoi and Manabu Arikawa and Satoshi Nagatsuka and Takahito Tanimura and Akira Furusawa and Mikio Kozuma},
	month = oct,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {EIT,quantum noise,Quantum Physics,squeezing},
	pages = {153602-4}
}

@article{chaneliere_storage_2005,
	title = {Storage and retrieval of single photons transmitted between remote quantum memories},
	volume = {438},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04315},
	doi = {10.1038/nature04315},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {T. Chaneliere and D. N. Matsukevich and S. D. Jenkins and S.-Y. Lan and T. A. B. Kennedy and A. Kuzmich},
	month = dec,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {833-836}
}

@article{eisaman_electromagnetically_2005,
	title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency with tunable single-photon pulses},
	volume = {438},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04327},
	doi = {10.1038/nature04327},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {M. D. Eisaman and A. Andr\'{e} and F. Massou and M. Fleischhauer and A. S. Zibrov and M. D. Lukin},
	month = dec,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {837-841}
}

@article{lezama_numerical_2008,
	title = {Numerical investigation of the quantum fluctuations of optical fields transmitted through an atomic medium},
	volume = {77},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v77/e013806},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {A. Lezama and P. Valente and H. Failache and M. Martinelli and P. Nussenzveig},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {quantum entanglement},
	pages = {013806-11}
}

@article{kolchin_generation_2006,
	title = {Generation of Narrow-Bandwidth Paired Photons: Use of a Single Driving Laser},
	volume = {97},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v97/e113602},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Pavel Kolchin and Shengwang Du and Chinmay Belthangady and G. Y. Yin and S. E. Harris},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {113602-4}
}


@article{lukin03rmp,
	title = {Colloquium: Trapping and manipulating photon states in atomic ensembles},
	volume = {75},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v75/p457},
	journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	author = {M. D. Lukin},
	month = apr,
	year = {2003},
	pages = {457}
}


@article{eisaman04,
	title = {Shaping Quantum Pulses of Light Via Coherent Atomic Memory},
	volume = {93},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v93/e233602},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {M. D. Eisaman and L.  Childress and A.  Andr\'{e} and F.  Massou and A. S. Zibrov and M. D. Lukin},
	month = nov,
	year = {2004},
	pages = {233602}
}


@article{matsukevich06,
	title = {Deterministic Single Photons via Conditional Quantum Evolution},
	volume = {97},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v97/e013601},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {D. N. Matsukevich and T. Chaneliere and S. D. Jenkins and S.-Y. Lan and T. A. B. Kennedy and A. Kuzmich},
	month = jul,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {013601-4}
}


@article{chen06,
	title = {Deterministic and Storable Single-Photon Source Based on a Quantum Memory},
	volume = {97},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v97/e173004},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Shuai Chen and Yu-Ao Chen and Thorsten Strassel and Zhen-Sheng Yuan and Bo Zhao and Jorg Schmiedmayer and Jian-Wei Pan},
	month = oct,
	year = {2006},
	pages = {173004-4}
}

@article{strekalov_electromagnetically_2007,
	title = {Electromagnetically induced transparency with a partially standing drive field},
	volume = {76},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v76/e053828},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {Dmitry V. Strekalov and Andrey B. Matsko and Nan Yu},
	month = nov,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {quantum interference phenomena,reflectivity},
	pages = {053828-7}
}

@article{julsgaard04,
	title = {Experimental demonstration of quantum memory for light},
	volume = {432},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03064},
	doi = {10.1038/nature03064},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Brian Julsgaard and Jacob Sherson and J. Ignacio Cirac and Jaromir Fiurasek and Eugene S. Polzik},
	month = nov,
	year = {2004},
	pages = {482-486}
}

@article{polzik2009oe,
	author = {W. Wasilewski and T. Fernholz and K. Jensen and L. S. Madsen and H. Krauter and C. Muschik and E. S. Polzik},
	journal = {Opt. Express},
	keywords = {Raman effect; Squeezed states; Quantum information and processing},
	number = {16},
	pages = {14444--14457},
	publisher = {OSA},
	title = {Generation of two-mode squeezed and entangled light in a single temporal and spatial mode},
	volume = {17},
	month = {Aug},
	year = {2009},
	url = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-16-14444},
	doi = {10.1364/OE.17.014444},
	abstract = {We analyse a novel squeezing and entangling mechanism which is due to correlated Stokes and anti-Stokes photon forward scattering in a multi-level atom vapour. We develop a full quantum model for an alkali atomic vapour including quantized collective atomic states which predicts high degree of squeezing for attainable experimental conditions. Following the proposal we present an experimental demonstration of 3.5 dB pulsed frequency nondegenerate squeezed (quadrature entangled) state of light using room temperature caesium vapour. The source is very robust and requires only a few milliwatts of laser power. The squeezed state is generated in the same spatial mode as the local oscillator and in a single temporal mode. The two entangled modes are separated by twice the Zeeman frequency of the vapour which can be widely tuned. The narrow-band squeezed light generated near an atomic resonance can be directly used for atom-based quantum information protocols. Its single temporal mode characteristics make  it a promising resource for quantum information processing.},
}

@article{polzik2010pra,
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
	numpages = {5},
	month = {Aug},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.62.033809},
	issue = {3},
	author = {Kozhekin, A. E. and M\o{}lmer, K. and Polzik,
		E.},
	title = {Quantum memory for light},
	year = {2000},
	url =
	{http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.62.033809},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	pages = {033809},
	volume = {62}
}

@Article{polzikNature04,
	author = {Brian Julsgaard and Jacob Sherson and J.~Ignacio Cirac and Jaromir Fiurasek and Eugene S.~ Polzik},
	title = {Experimental demonstration of quantum memory for light},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {432},
	pages = {482},
	url = {doi:10.1038/nature03064},
	year = {2004}
}

@Article{polzikNatureP11,
	author = {{Jensen}, K. and {Wasilewski}, W. and {Krauter}, H.
		and {Fernholz}, T. and
		{Nielsen}, B.~M. and {Owari}, M. and
		{Plenio}, M.~B. and {Serafini}, A. and
		{Wolf}, M.~M. and {Polzik}, E.~S.},
	title = {Quantum memory for entangled continuous-variable states},
	journal = {Nature Physics},
	year = 2011,
	month = jan,
	volume = 7,
	pages = {13-16},
	doi = {10.1038/nphys1819},
	adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011NatPh\ldots7\ldots13J},
}


@book{bachor_guide_2004,
	edition = {2},
	title = {A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics},
	isbn = {3527403930},
	publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
	ADDRESS =      "USA",
	author = {Hans-A. Bachor and Timothy C. Ralph},
	month = apr,
	year = {2004},
}

@Article{PhysRevLett.59.198,
	title = {Squeezed-state generation by the normal modes of a coupled system},
	author = {Raizen, M. G. and Orozco, L. A. and Xiao, Min  and Boyd,
		T. L. and Kimble, H. J.},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {59},
	number = {2},
	pages = {198--201},
	numpages = {3},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jul},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.198},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@article{mikhailov2009arxive2JMO,
author = {Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Arturo Lezama and Thomas W. Noel and Irina Novikova},
journal = {arXiv},
pages = {arXiv:0903.3156},
title = {Vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation and excess noise in hot Rb vapors},
year = {2009},
}

@article{mikhailov2008ol,
author = {Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Irina Novikova},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Coherent optical effects; Stark effect; Lasers and laser optics; Quantum optics; Squeezed states},
number = {11},
pages = {1213--1215},
publisher = {OSA},
title = {Low-frequency vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation in Rb vapor},
volume = {33},
year = {2008},
url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-11-1213},
doi = {10.1364/OL.33.001213},
}

@article{mikhailov2009arxive2ol,
author = {Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Irina Novikova and M. D. Havey and F. A. Narducci },
journal = {arXiv},
pages = {arXiv:0907.4683},
title = {Vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation and excess noise in hot Rb vapors},
year = {2009},
}

@article{ligoSciCol2009,
author = {The LIGO Scientific Collaboration},
journal = {arXiv},
pages = {arXiv:0711.3041},
title = {LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory},
year = {2009},
}

@article{ilchenkoJOSAB03_shg_theory,
	author = {Vladimir S. Ilchenko and Andrey B. Matsko and Anatoliy A.
		Savchenkov and Lute Maleki},
	journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. B},
	keywords = {Harmonic generation and mixing ; Parametric oscillators and
		amplifiers; All-optical devices; Resonators},
	number = {6},
	pages = {1304--1308},
	publisher = {OSA},
	title = {Low-threshold parametric nonlinear optics with
		quasi-phase-matched whispering-gallery modes},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2003},
	url = {http://josab.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-20-6-1304},
}

@Article{savchenkovPRL04_SHG,
	title = {Nonlinear Optics and Crystalline Whispering Gallery Mode
		Cavities},
	author = {Ilchenko, Vladimir S. and Savchenkov, Anatoliy A. and
		Matsko, Andrey B. and Maleki, Lute },
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {92},
	number = {4},
	pages = {043903},
	numpages = {4},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.043903},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{savchenkovPRA04_highQ,
	title = {Kilohertz optical resonances in dielectric crystal cavities},
	author = {Savchenkov, Anatoliy A. and Ilchenko, Vladimir S. and
		Matsko, Andrey B. and Maleki, Lute },
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
	volume = {70},
	number = {5},
	pages = {051804},
	numpages = {4},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Nov},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.70.051804},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}


@article{sergienko03apl_NRD,
    abstract = {View This Record in Scopus},
    author = {Miller, Aaron J. and Nam, Sae W. and Martinis, John M. and Sergienko, Alexander V.},
    citeulike-article-id = {2889631},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=APPLAB000083000004000791000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/83/791},
    journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
    keywords = {detector},
    number = {4},
    pages = {791--793},
    posted-at = {2009-05-05 18:54:05},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {AIP},
    title = {Demonstration of a low-noise near-infrared photon counter with multiphoton discrimination},
    url = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal\&id=APPLAB000083000004000791000001\&idtype=cvips\&gifs=yes},
    volume = {83},
    year = {2003}
}

@article{dowling09arxive_super_resolution_NRD,
	author = {Yang Gao and Christoph F. Wildfeuer and Petr M. Anisimov and Hwang Lee and Jonathan P. Dowling},
	title = {Super-Resolution at the Shot-Noise Limit with Coherent States and   Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors},
	journal = {arXiv},
	pages = {arXiv:0907.2382},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.2382},
	year = {2009}
}

@article{dowling09arxive_sNRD_fabri_perot,
	author = {Christoph F. Wildfeuer and Aaron J. Pearlman and Jun Chen and Jingyun Fan and Alan Migdall and Jonathan P. Dowling},
	title = {Resolution and sensitivity of a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a   photon-number-resolving detector},
	journal = {arXiv},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0905.1085},
	pages = {arXiv:0905.1085},
	year = {2009}
}


@article{kardynal08np_APD_NRD,
    author = {Kardynal, B. E. and Yuan, Z. L. and Shields, A. J.},
    title = {An avalanche-photodiode-based photon-number-resolving detector},
    doi = {10.1038/nphoton.2008.101},
    journal = {Nature Photonics},
    keywords = {detector, diode},
    month = {July},
    number = {7},
    pages = {425--428},
    posted-at = {2009-04-23 21:25:49},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2008.101},
    volume = {2},
    year = {2008}
}


@article{goda08nph_quantum-enhanced_gw_detector,
	title = {A quantum-enhanced prototype gravitational-wave detector},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1745-2473},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys920},
	doi = {10.1038/nphys920},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Nat Phys},
	author = {K. Goda and O. Miyakawa and E. E. Mikhailov and S. Saraf and R. Adhikari and K. {McKenzie} and R. Ward and S. Vass and A. J. Weinstein and N. Mavalvala},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {472--476}
}




@Article{mikhailov2009jmo,
    title = "Vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation and excess noise in hot Rb vapors",
    author = "Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and Arturo Lezama and Thomas W. Noel and Irina Novikova",
    journal = "JMO",
    year =    "2009",
    pages =   "1985-1992",
    number = {18\&19},
    volume = {56},
    source =  "http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/09500340903159503",
    abstract = {
	    We present experimental and theoretical analysis of quantum fluctuation in a vacuum field in the presence of an orthogonal linearly polarized pump field propagating through a Rb vapor cell. Previously reported theoretical and experimental studies provided somewhat contradictory conclusions regarding the possibility of observing the 'squeezed vacuum'-the reduction of vacuum fluctuations below the standard quantum limit-in this system. Here, using the D1 transitions of Rb in a cell without a buffer as an example, we demonstrate that vacuum squeezing is corrupted by incoherent processes (such as spontaneous emission, elastic scattering, etc), and its observation is only possible in a specific small region of the experimental parameter space. Numerical simulations, in good agreement with the experiment, demonstrate that the two excited state hyperfine levels play a crucial role in the squeezing and excess noise production. The significant influence of far-detuned atoms on the field fluctuations at low noise frequencies imposes the explicit consideration of the full velocity distribution of the atomic vapor.
    }
}

@Article{schnabel2010with11db,
	title = {Observation of squeezed states with strong photon-number
		oscillations},
	author = {Mehmet, Moritz  and Vahlbruch, Henning  and Lastzka,
		Nico  and Danzmann, Karsten  and Schnabel, Roman },
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
	volume = {81},
	number = {1},
	pages = {013814},
	numpages = {7},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jan},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.81.013814},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@article{grangier2010oe,
	author = {Imad H. Agha and Ga\'{e}tan Messin and Philippe
		Grangier},
	journal = {Opt. Express},
	keywords = {Quantum optics; Squeezed states},
	number = {5},
	pages = {4198--4205},
	publisher = {OSA},
	title = {Generation of pulsed and continuous-wave squeezed light
		with 87Rb vapor},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2010},
	source = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-5-4198},
	doi = {10.1364/OE.18.004198},
}

@Article{mitchell2008pra,
	title = {Rubidium resonant squeezed light from a diode-pumped
		optical-parametric oscillator},
	author = {Predojevi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, A.  and
		Zhai, Z.  and Caballero, J. M. and Mitchell, M. W.},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
	volume = {78},
	number = {6},
	pages = {063820},
	numpages = {6},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Dec},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063820},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{saleh87prl,
	title = {Can the channel capacity of a light-wave communication
		system be increased by the use of photon-number--squeezed
			light?},
	author = {Saleh, B. E. A. and Teich, M. C.},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {58},
	number = {25},
	pages = {2656--2659},
	numpages = {3},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jun},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2656},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{slusher85prl,
	title = {Observation of Squeezed States Generated by Four-Wave
		Mixing in an Optical Cavity},
	author = {Slusher, R. E. and Hollberg, L. W. and Yurke, B.  and
		Mertz, J. C. and Valley, J. F.},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {55},
	number = {22},
	pages = {2409--2412},
	numpages = {3},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Nov},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2409},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{polzik92prl,
	title = {Spectroscopy with squeezed light},
	author = {Polzik, E. S. and Carri, J.  and Kimble, H. J.},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {68},
	number = {20},
	pages = {3020--3023},
	numpages = {3},
	year = {1992},
	month = {May},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3020},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{kaiser,
	title = {Coherent Backscattering of Light by Cold Atoms},
	author = {Labeyrie, G.  and de Tomasi, F.  and Bernard, J.-C.
		and M\"uller, C. A. and Miniatura, C.  and Kaiser, R.
	},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {83},
	number = {25},
	pages = {5266--5269},
	numpages = {3},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Dec},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5266},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Misc{kaiser2mark,
	author = {R. Kaiser},
	howpublished      = 	 {personal communication with M.Havey},
	year = 2010
}


@article{gauthier,
	author = {Joel A. Greenberg and Marcos Oria and Andrew M. C. Dawes
		and Daniel J. Gauthier},
	journal = {Opt. Express},
	keywords = {Laser trapping; Nonlinear optics; Laser cooling},
	number = {26},
	pages = {17699--17708},
	publisher = {OSA},
	title = {Absorption-induced trapping in an anisotropic
		magneto-optical trap},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2007},
	url =
	{http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-26-17699},
}

@Article{giacobino2003prl,
	title = {Polarization Squeezing with Cold Atoms},
	author = {Josse, V.  and Dantan, A.  and Vernac, L.  and
		Bramati, A.  and Pinard, M.  and Giacobino, E. },
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {91},
	number = {10},
	pages = {103601},
	numpages = {4},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Sep},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.103601},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{gigiacobino2004prl,
	title = {Continuous Variable Entanglement using Cold Atoms},
	author = {Josse, V.  and Dantan, A.  and Bramati, A.  and
		Pinard, M.  and Giacobino, E. },
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {92},
	number = {12},
	pages = {123601},
	numpages = {4},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Mar},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.123601},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}


@article{giacobinoOE2009,
author = {Sidney Burks and J\'{e}r\'{e}mie Ortalo and Antonino Chiummo and Xiaojun Jia and Fabrizio Villa and Alberto Bramati and Julien Laurat and Elisabeth Giacobino},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Quantum optics; Squeezed states},
number = {5},
pages = {3777--3781},
publisher = {OSA},
title = {Vacuum squeezed light for atomic memories at the D2 cesium line},
volume = {17},
month = {Mar},
year = {2009},
url = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-5-3777},
doi = {10.1364/OE.17.003777},
abstract = {We report the experimental generation of squeezed light at 852 nm, locked on the Cesium D2 line. 50\% of noise reduction down to 50 kHz has been obtained with a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator operating below threshold, using a periodically-poled KTP crystal. This light is directly utilizable with Cesium atomic ensembles for quantum networking applications.},
}



@article{giacobino96epl,
	author={A. Lambrecht and T. Coudreau and A. M. Steinberg and E.
		Giacobino},
	title={Squeezing with cold atoms},
	journal={EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	volume={36},
	number={2},
	pages={93},
	url={http://stacks.iop.org/0295-5075/36/i=2/a=093},
	year={1996},
	abstract={Cold atoms from a magneto-optic trap
		have been used as a nonlinear (χ (3) )
			medium in a nearly resonant
			cavity. Squeezing in a probe beam
			passing through the cavity was
			demonstrated. The measured noise
			reduction is 40\% for free atoms
			and 20\% for weakly trapped
			atoms.}
}

@article{shapiro91ol,
	author = {S. T. Ho and N. C. Wong and J. H. Shapiro},
	journal = {Opt. Lett.},
	keywords = {},
	number = {11},
	pages = {840--842},
	publisher = {OSA},
	title = {Single-beam squeezed-state generation in sodium vapor and
		its self-focusing limitations},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1991},
	url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-16-11-840},
}

@Article{lu98prl,
	title = {Observation of Squeezing in the Phase-Dependent
		Fluorescence Spectra of Two-Level Atoms},
	author = {Lu, Z. H. and Bali, S.  and Thomas, J. E.},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	volume = {81},
	number = {17},
	pages = {3635--3638},
	numpages = {3},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Oct},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3635},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{yudinPRA2010,
	title = {Vector magnetometry based on electromagnetically induced
		transparency in linearly polarized light},
	author = {Yudin, V. I. and Taichenachev, A. V. and Dudin, Y. O.
		and Velichansky, V. L. and Zibrov, A. S. and Zibrov, S.
			A.},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
	volume = {82},
	number = {3},
	pages = {033807},
	numpages = {7},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Sep},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.82.033807},
	publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@ARTICLE{mikhailov2010compass,
	author = {Cox, K. and Yudin, V.~I. and Taichenachev, A.~V.
		and Novikova, I. and
		Mikhailov, E.~E.},
	title = {Measurements of vector magnetic field using
		multiple electromagnetically induced transparency
			resonances in Rb vapor},
	journal = {ArXiv e-prints 1011.0503},
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	eprint = {1011.0503},
	primaryClass = {physics.atom-ph},
	keywords = {Physics - Atomic Physics},
	year = 2010,
	month = nov,
}

@article{mikhailovOL2009imager,
	author = {Eugeniy E. Mikhailov and I. Novikova and M. D. Havey and
		F. A. Narducci},
	journal = {Opt. Lett.},
	keywords = {Coherent optical effects; Line shapes and shifts;
		Zeeman effect; Coherent optical effects},
	number = {22},
	pages = {3529--3531},
	publisher = {OSA},
	title = {Magnetic field imaging with atomic Rb vapor},
	volume = {34},
	month = {Nov},
	year = {2009},
	url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-34-22-3529},
	doi = {10.1364/OL.34.003529},
	abstract = {We demonstrate the possibility of dynamic imaging of
		magnetic fields using electromagnetically induced
			transparency in an atomic gas. As an experimental
			demonstration we employ an atomic Rb gas confined
			in a glass cell to image the transverse magnetic
			field created by a long straight wire. In this
			arrangement, which clearly reveals the essential
			effect, the field of view is about 2{\texttimes}2
			mm2 and the field detection uncertainty is 0.14 mG
			per 10 $\mu$m{\texttimes}10 $\mu$m image pixel.},
}

@MANUAL{HMC1043specs,
	title = {HMC1043 3-Axis Magnetoresistive Sensor},
	organization = {Honeywell},
	url = {http://www.magneticsensors.com/datasheets.html},
	address = {http://www.magneticsensors.com/datasheets.html},
}

@MANUAL{FVM400specs,
	title = {The FVM400 Vector Magnetometer},
	organization = {MEDA},
	url = {http://www.meda.com/FVM400.htm},
	address = {http://www.meda.com/FVM400.htm},
}

@article{vanier05apb,
	author = {J. Vanier.},
	title = {Atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping: a review},
	journal = {Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics},
	keywords = {32.10.Fn, 32.30.Bv, 32.70.Jz, 32.80.Wr},
	year = 2005,
	month = aug,
	volume = 81,
	pages = {421-442},
	doi = {10.1007/s00340-005-1905-3},
}


@Article{happerPhysRev68,
  title = {Light Shifts in the Alkali Atoms},
  author = {Mathur, B. S. and Tang, H.  and Happer, W. },
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {171},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11--19},
  numpages = {8},
  year = {1968},
  month = {Jul},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.171.11},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@ARTICLE{2003APS..DMP.L3010N,
   author = {{Nash}, J. and {Narducci}, F.~A.},
    title = "{Magneto-Optic Rotation in a Cold Gas}",
  journal = {APS Meeting Abstracts},
     year = 2003,
    month = may,
    pages = {L3010+},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@Article{PhysRevA.79.033418,
  title = {Optical pumping dynamics and near-resonance light scattering in an ultracold sample of  $^{87}Rb$  atoms},
  author = {Balik, S.  and Havey, M. D. and Sokolov, I. M. and Kupriyanov, D. V.},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = {79},
  number = {3},
  pages = {033418},
  numpages = {7},
  year = {2009},
  month = {Mar},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.79.033418},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@ARTICLE{2010PhRvA..81e3420W,
   author = {{Wojciechowski}, A. and {Corsini}, E. and {Zachorowski}, J. and
	{Gawlik}, W.},
    title = "{Nonlinear Faraday rotation and detection of superposition states in cold atoms}",
  journal = {\pra},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
   eprint = {1001.1629},
 primaryClass = "physics.atom-ph",
 keywords = {Magnetooptical and electrooptical spectra and effects, Level crossing and optical pumping, Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field, including entangled photon states; quantum state engineering and measurements, Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption, and amplification of light; electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption},
     year = 2010,
    month = may,
   volume = 81,
   number = 5,
    pages = {053420-+},
    doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.81.053420},
}

@article{Davis:92,
author = {William V. Davis and Alexander L. Gaeta and Robert W. Boyd},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {},
number = {18},
pages = {1304--1306},
publisher = {OSA},
title = {Polarization-ellipse rotation by induced gyrotropy in atomic vapors},
volume = {17},
month = {Sep},
year = {1992},
doi = {10.1364/OL.17.001304},
adsurl = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-17-18-1304},
}


@Article{PhysRev.137.A801,
  title = {Study of Optical Effects Due to an Induced Polarization Third Order in the Electric Field Strength},
  author = {Maker, P. D. and Terhune, R. W.},
  journal = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {137},
  number = {3A},
  pages = {A801--A818},
  numpages = {17},
  year = {1965},
  month = {Feb},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.137.A801},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@article{Drampyan2007251,
title = "Two field nonlinear Faraday rotation in rubidium vapor in a Doppler-free geometry",
journal = "Optics Communications",
volume = "276",
number = "2",
pages = "251 - 260",
year = "2007",
note = "",
issn = "0030-4018",
doi = "DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.04.027",
author = "Rafael Drampyan and Andrew D. Greentree and A.V. Durrant",
adsurl = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVF-4NRCW55-2/2/8cdfafc3bbda290df03fc4d347a31645",
}

@Article{PhysRevA.66.043815,
  title = {Vacuum squeezing in atomic media via self-rotation},
  author = {Matsko, A. B. and Novikova, I.  and Welch, G. R. and Budker, D.  and Kimball, D. F. and Rochester, S. M.},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = {66},
  number = {4},
  pages = {043815},
  numpages = {10},
  year = {2002},
  month = {Oct},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.66.043815},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{PhysRevA.68.025801,
  title = {Experimental vacuum squeezing in rubidium vapor via self-rotation},
  author = {Ries, J.  and Brezger, B.  and Lvovsky, A. I.},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {025801},
  numpages = {4},
  year = {2003},
  month = {Aug},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.68.025801},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@ARTICLE{2009JMOp...56.1985M,
   author = {{Mikhailov}, E. and {Lezama}, A. and {Noel}, T. and {Novikova}, I.
	},
    title = "{Vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation and excess noise in hot Rb vapors}",
  journal = {Journal of Modern Optics},
  archivePrefix = "arXiv",
   eprint = {0903.3156},
   primaryClass = "quant-ph",
     year = 2009,
    month = oct,
   volume = 56,
    pages = {1985-1992},
    doi = {10.1080/09500340903159503},
}

@Article{PhysRevA.64.033402,
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  year = {2001},
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  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{PhysRevLett.100.033602,
  title = {Observation of Squeezed Light with 10-dB Quantum-Noise Reduction},
  author = {Vahlbruch, Henning  and Mehmet, Moritz  and Chelkowski, Simon  and Hage, Boris  and Franzen, Alexander  and Lastzka, Nico  and Go\ss{}ler, Stefan  and Danzmann, Karsten  and Schnabel, Roman },
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  numpages = {4},
  year = {2008},
  month = {Jan},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.033602},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{Siz99,
  title = {The optical Kerr effect and quantum optics in fibers},
  author = {Sizmann, Andreas  and Leuchs, Gerd},
  journal = {Prog. Opt.},
  volume = {39},
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  numpages = {96},
  year = {1999},
  doi = {10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70392-5},
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}

@article{Lin:08,
author = {Yen-Wei Lin and Hung-Chih Chou and Prashant P. Dwivedi and Ying-Cheng Chen and Ite A. Yu},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Laser trapping; Coherent optical effects; Absorption; Laser cooling},
number = {6},
pages = {3753--3761},
publisher = {OSA},
title = {Using a pair of rectangular coils in the MOT for the production of cold atom clouds with large optical density},
volume = {16},
month = {Mar},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.1364/OE.16.003753},
adsurl = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-6-3753},
}

@article{Greenberg:07,
author = {Joel A. Greenberg and Marcos Oria and Andrew M. C. Dawes and Daniel J. Gauthier},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Laser trapping; Nonlinear optics; Laser cooling},
number = {26},
pages = {17699--17708},
publisher = {OSA},
title = {Absorption-induced trapping in an anisotropic magneto-optical trap},
volume = {15},
month = {Dec},
year = {2007},
doi = {10.1364/OE.15.017699},
adsurl = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-26-17699},
}

@article{1402-4896-81-2-025301,
  author={G L Gattobigio and T Pohl and G Labeyrie and R Kaiser},
  title={Scaling laws for large magneto-optical traps},
  journal={Physica Scripta},
  volume={81},
  number={2},
  pages={025301},
  adsurl={http://stacks.iop.org/1402-4896/81/i=2/a=025301},
  year={2010},
  }

  @article{Agha:10,
author = {Imad H. Agha and Ga\'{e}tan Messin and Philippe Grangier},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Quantum optics; Squeezed states},
number = {5},
pages = {4198--4205},
publisher = {OSA},
title = {Generation of pulsed and continuous-wave squeezed light with 87Rb vapor},
volume = {18},
month = {Mar},
year = {2010},
adsurl = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-5-4198},
doi = {10.1364/OE.18.004198},
}

@Article{lezama02,
  title = {Comparative study of the transient evolution of Hanle electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption resonances},
  author = {Valente, P.  and Failache, H.  and Lezama, A. },
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {023814},
  numpages = {8},
  year = {2002},
  month = {Jan},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.65.023814},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@Article{Rb87numbers,
  title = {Rubidium 87 D Line Data},
  author = {Daniel A. Steck},
  year = {2010},
  month = {Dec},
  url = {http://steck.us/alkalidata}
}

@Article{mikhailov_psr_mot2011,
  title = {Polarization self-rotation in ultracold atomic $^{87}$Rb},
  author = {Horrom, Travis  and Balik, Salim  and Lezama, Arturo  and Havey, Mark D. and Mikhailov, Eugeniy E.},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = {83},
  number = {5},
  pages = {053850},
  numpages = {9},
  year = {2011},
  month = {May},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.83.053850},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@article{mikhailov2011jmo,
	author = {Horrom, Travis and Lezama, Arturo and Balik, Salim and
		Havey, Mark   D. and Mikhailov, Eugeniy   E.},
	title = {Quadrature noise in light propagating through a cold
		$^{87}$Rb atomic gas},
	journal = {Journal of Modern Optics},
	volume = {electronic version available},
	number = {doi:10.1080/09500340.2011.594181},
	pages = {1-6},
	year = {2011},
	doi = {10.1080/09500340.2011.594181},

	URL =
	{http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09500340.2011.594181},
	eprint =
	{http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09500340.2011.594181}
}


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	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	pages = {709--711},
	volume = {47}
}

@article{masahito.PhysRevLett.67.1852,
	title = {Nonlinear-interferometric generation of
		number-phase-correlated fermion states},
	month = {Sep},
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	author = {Kitagawa, Masahiro and Ueda, Masahito},
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	url =
	{http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1852},
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	pages = {1852--1854},
	volume = {67}
}

@article{Leibfried2004science.04062004,
	author = {Leibfried, D. and Barrett, M. D. and Schaetz, T. and
		Britton, J. and Chiaverini, J. and Itano, W. M. and Jost,
		J. D. and Langer, C. and Wineland, D. J.},
	title = {Toward Heisenberg-Limited Spectroscopy with Multiparticle
		Entangled States},
	volume = {304},
	number = {5676},
	pages = {1476-1478},
	year = {2004},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1097576},
	abstract ={The precision in spectroscopy of any quantum system is
		fundamentally limited by the Heisenberg uncertainty
			relation for energy and time. For N systems, this
			limit requires that they be in a
			quantum-mechanically entangled state. We describe a
			scalable method of spectroscopy that can
			potentially take full advantage of entanglement to
			reach the Heisenberg limit and has the practical
			advantage that the spectroscopic information is
			transferred to states with optimal protection
			against readout noise. We demonstrate our method
			experimentally with three beryllium ions. The
			spectroscopic sensitivity attained is 1.45(2) times
			as high as that of a perfect experiment with three
			non-entangled particles.},
	URL = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/304/5676/1476.abstract},
		eprint =
		{http://www.sciencemag.org/content/304/5676/1476.full.pdf},
	journal = {Science}
}

@article{gross2010nonlinear,
	title={Nonlinear atom interferometer surpasses classical
		precision limit},
	author={Gross, C. and Zibold, T. and Nicklas, E. and Esteve, J.
		and Oberthaler, M.K.},
	journal={Nature},
	volume={464},
	number={7292},
	pages={1165--1169},
	year={2010},
	publisher={Nature Publishing Group}
}

@ARTICLE{roos2006nature,
	author = {C.~F.~ Roos and M.~ Chwalla and K.~ Kim and M.~ Riebe
		and R.~ Blatt},
	title = {'Designer atoms' for quantum metrology},
	journal = {NATURE},
	volume = {443},
	pages = {316},
	url = {doi:10.1038/nature05101},
	year = {2006}
}

@article{lezama2011pra,
	numpages = {4},
	title = {Polarization squeezing of light by single passage through an atomic vapor},
	month = {Sep},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.84.033851},
	author = {Barreiro, S. and Valente, P. and Failache, H. and Lezama, A.},
	year = {2011},
	issue = {3},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.033851},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	pages = {033851},
	volume = {84}
}

@article{hansch_comb2000prl,
	title = {Direct Link between Microwave and Optical Frequencies
		with a 300 THz Femtosecond Laser Comb},
	month = {May},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5102},
	author = {Diddams, Scott A. and Jones, David J. and Ye, Jun
		and Cundiff, Steven T. and Hall, John L. and Ranka,
		Jinendra K. and Windeler, Robert S. and Holzwarth,
		Ronald and Udem, Thomas and H\"ansch, T. W.},
	year = {2000},
	issue = {22},
	url =
	{http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5102},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	pages = {5102--5105},
	volume = {84}
}

@article{novikova02JMO,
	Abstract = {We study polarization self-rotation of elliptically
		polarized light in an optically thick atomic rubidium vapour.
		Polarization rotation angles as large as 2 radians were detected. We
		discuss the application of this self-rotation for squeezing of
		electromagnetic vacuum and develop a theoretical model of
		the effect},
	Author = {Novikova, I. and Matsko, A. B. and Welch, G. R.},
	ISSN = {09500340},
	Journal = {Journal of Modern Optics},
	Keywords = {POLARIZATION (Light), RUBIDIUM},
	Number = {14/15},
	Pages = {2565 - 2581},
	Title = {Large polarization self-rotation in rubidium vapour:
		application for squeezing of electromagnetic vacuum.},
	Volume = {49},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=9019384&site=ehost-live},
	Year = {2002},
}

@article{vuletic2011science,
	author = {Tanji-Suzuki, Haruka and Chen, Wenlan and Landig, Renate and Simon, Jonathan and Vuletić, Vladan},
	title = {Vacuum-Induced Transparency},
	year = {2011},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1208066},
	abstract ={Photons are excellent information carriers but normally pass through each other without consequence. Engineered interactions between photons would enable applications from quantum information processing to simulation of condensed matter systems. Using an ensemble of cold atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity, we demonstrate experimentally that the transmission of light through a medium may be controlled with few photons and even by the electromagnetic vacuum field. The vacuum induces a group delay of 25 ns on the input optical pulse, corresponding to a light velocity of 1600 m/s, and a transparency of 40% that increases to 80% when the resonator is filled with 10 photons. This strongly nonlinear effect provides prospects for advanced quantum devices such as photon-number-state filters.},
	URL = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2011/08/03/science.1208066.abstract},
	eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2011/08/03/science.1208066.full.pdf},
	journal = {Science}
}

@article{novikovaPRL07opt,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  numpages = {4},
  month = {Jun},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.243602},
  issue = {24},
  author = {Novikova, Irina and Gorshkov, Alexey V. and Phillips, David F. and S\o{}rensen, Anders S. and Lukin, Mikhail D. and Walsworth, Ronald L.},
  title = {Optimal Control of Light Pulse Storage and Retrieval},
  year = {2007},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.243602},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {243602},
  volume = {98}
}

@article{gorshkovPRL,
  author = {Gorshkov, Alexey V. and Andr\'e, Axel and Fleischhauer, Michael and S\o{}rensen, Anders S. and Lukin, Mikhail D.},
  title = {Universal Approach to Optimal Photon Storage in Atomic Media},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  numpages = {4},
  month = {Mar},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.123601},
  issue = {12},
  year = {2007},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.123601},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {123601},
  volume = {98}
}

@article{gorshkovPRA1,
  author = {Gorshkov, Alexey V. and Andr\'e, Axel and Lukin, Mikhail D. and S\o{}rensen, Anders S.},
  title = {Photon storage in {$\Lambda$}-type optically dense atomic media. I. Cavity model},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = {2007},
  numpages = {15},
  month = {Sep},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033804},
  issue = {3},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033804},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {033804},
  volume = {76}
}

@article{gorshkovPRA2,
  author = {Gorshkov, Alexey V. and Andr\'e, Axel and Lukin, Mikhail D. and S\o{}rensen, Anders S.},
  title = {Photon storage in {$\Lambda$}-type optically dense atomic media. II. Free-space model},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = {2007},
  numpages = {25},
  month = {Sep},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033805},
  issue = {3},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033805},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {033805},
  volume = {76}
}

@article{gorshkovPRA3,
  author = {Gorshkov, Alexey V. and Andr\'e, Axel and Lukin, Mikhail D. and S\o{}rensen, Anders S.},
  title = {Photon storage in {$\Lambda$}-type optically dense atomic media. III. Effects of inhomogeneous broadening},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = {2007},
  numpages = {13},
  month = {Sep},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033806},
  issue = {3},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033806},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {033806},
  volume = {76}
}

@article{gorshkovPRA4,
  author = {Gorshkov, Alexey V. and Calarco, Tommaso and Lukin, Mikhail D. and S\o{}rensen, Anders S.},
  title = {Photon storage in {$\Lambda$}-type optically dense atomic media. IV. Optimal control using gradient ascent},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = {2008},
  numpages = {15},
  month = {Apr},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.77.043806},
  issue = {4},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.043806},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {043806},
  volume = {77}
}

@article{novikovaPRA08,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  numpages = {4},
  month = {Aug},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.78.021802},
  issue = {2},
  author = {Novikova, Irina and Phillips, Nathaniel B. and Gorshkov, Alexey V.},
  title = {Optimal light storage with full pulse-shape control},
  year = {2008},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.78.021802},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {021802},
  volume = {78}
}

@article{duOL11,
author = {Shanchao Zhang and Shuyu Zhou and M. M. T. Loy and G. K. L. Wong and Shengwang Du},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Coherent optical effects; Optical memories},
number = {23},
pages = {4530--4532},
publisher = {OSA},
title = {Optical storage with electromagnetically induced transparency in a dense cold atomic ensemble},
volume = {36},
month = {Dec},
year = {2011},
url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-23-4530},
doi = {10.1364/OL.36.004530},
abstract = {We experimentally investigate optical storage with electromagnetically induced transparency in a dense cold Rb85 atomic ensemble. By varying the optical depth (OD) from 0 to 140, we observe that the optimal storage efficiency has a saturation value of 50\% as OD\&gt;50. Our result is consistent with that obtained from hot vapor cell experiments.},
}

@Book{polzik_book,
  author =       "",
  editor =       "N. J. Cerf and G. Leuchs and E. S. Polzik",
  title =        "Quantum Information with Continuous Variables of Atoms and Light",
  PUBLISHER =    "Imperial College Press, London",
  year =         "2007",
  volume =       ""
}


@article{lvovskyRMP09,
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  month = {Mar},
  doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.81.299},
  issue = {1},
  author = {Lvovsky, A. I. and Raymer, M. G.},
  title = {Continuous-variable optical quantum-state tomography},
  year = {2009},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.299},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  pages = {299--332},
  volume = {81}
}