%---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % PROGRAM: LaguerreGaussianE % AUTHOR: Andri M. Gretarsson % DATE: 6/26/03 % % SYNTAX: z=LaguerreGaussianE([p,m,q <,lambda,a>],r <,theta,coordtype>); % <...> indicates optional arguments % % Returns the complex field amplitude of a Laguerre-Gaussian mode as a function % of polar coordinates r and theta. Formula adapted from A. E. Siegman, % "Lasers" 1st ed. eqn. 64 in Ch. 16. I leave out the gouy phase % factor since it is meaningless except as a relative phase difference % between axially separated parts of the same beam. In other words it % only appears when propagating the beam. The function prop.m does % both the q transformation and supplies the appropriate gouy phase. % This factor and other phase and amplitude factors can be included via the % complex argument a if desired. Finally, this function can also be called % with cartesian coordinates. % % % INPUT ARGUMENTS: % ---------------- % p,m = Laguerre Gaussian mode numbers (column vector) % q = complex radius of curvature of the beam (column vector) % lambda= Wavelength of the light (column vector) % a = complex prefactor ( includes gouy phase, e.g. for a LG beam that % has been propageted with an ABCD matrix a = 1/(A + [B/q1])^(1+2p+m) ). % (column vector). % r = radial position vector (or matrix generated by meshgrid) % theta = azimuthal position vector (or matrix generated by meshgrid). % If r is 1D and theta is not specified the default theta is used, % theta=zeros(size(r)). If r is a 2D mesh theta must also be specified. % The function polarmesh.m can be usefule for generating the r and % theta meshes. % coordtype = (string) label for the type of coordinates supplied in r and theta. If % this argument is not specified or is equal to 'pol', r and theta are assumed % to be polar coordinates (r,theta) as described above. If on the other % hand coordtype='cart' then r is assumed to be the cartesian x coordinate % and theta the cartesian y coordinate. This can be useful e.g. if one wants to % specify an x or y shift in the position of the mode. (See for example % Laguerre_demo.m). coordtype is normally the 8th input argument but can % be specified as the 7th input argument instead if the default y is desired % (y=transpose(x)). % % OUTPUT ARGUMENTS: % ----------------- % z(i,j)= Complex field of the Laguerre Gaussian mode at % ( r(i,j),theta(i,j) ). May be a vector or % a matrix depending on whether r and theta % are vectors or matrixes. % % % NOTES: % ------ % If r and theta are not vectors but matrixes generated by % the matlab function meshgrid, then the output variable z % is a matrix rather than a vector. The matrix form allows % the function HermiteGaussianE to have a plane as it's domain % rather than a curve. % % If the parameters p,m,q,p,lambda are equal length column vectors rather % than scalars z is a size(r)*length(lambda) matrix. E.g. if size(r) is n*n % then each level z(:,:,k) is a 2D field of a Laguerre Gaussian with % the parameters given by [l(k),m(k),q(k),lambda(k),a(k)]. % % EXAMPLE 1 (2D, polar domain): % w=[0.001; 0.001]; % rseed=[0*max(w):max(w)/30:3*max(w)]; thetaseed=[0:360]*pi/180; % [r,theta]=meshgrid(rseed,thetaseed); % lambda = [1.064e-6 ; 1.064e-6]; % R = [-30 ; -30]; % q = (1./R - i* lambda./pi./w.^2).^(-1); a=[1;1]; % p=[1;2]; m=[0;2]; % E=LaguerreGaussianE([p,m,q,lambda,a],r,theta)+LaguerreGaussianE([p,-m,q,lambda,a],r,theta); % [x,y]=pol2cart(theta,r); colormap(bone); % subplot(2,1,1); h1=pcolor(x,y,abs(E(:,:,1))); set(h1,'EdgeColor','none'); axis square; % subplot(2,1,2); h2=pcolor(x,y,abs(E(:,:,2))); set(h2,'EdgeColor','none'); axis square; shg; % % EXAMPLE 2 (1D, cartesian domain, default y): % w=[1,2,3,4].'; x=[-10:0.001:10]; lambda=[1,1,1,1].'*656e-9; R=[1,1,1,1].'*1000; % q = (1./R - i* lambda./pi./w.^2).^(-1); a=[1,1,1,1].'; p = [0,1,2,3].'; m=[0,0,0,0].'; % E=LaguerreGaussianE([p,m,q,lambda,a],x,'cart'); I=E.*conj(E); phi=angle(E); % plot(x,I(:,1),x,I(:,2),x,I(:,3),x,I(:,4)); % % Last updated: July 18, 2004 by AMG %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- %% SYNTAX: z=LaguerreGaussianE([p,m,q <,lambda,a>],r <,theta,coordtype>); %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function z=LaguerreGaussianE(params,r,varargin); if nargin>=3 if isstr(varargin{1}) if strcmp(varargin{1},'cart') % use cartesian coordinates defaultcoord2=1; cartesianflag=1; else % use polar coordinates with the default theta defaultcoord2=1; cartesianflag=0; end else % use polar coordinates with the specified theta defaultcoord2=0; cartesianflag=0; theta=varargin{1}; end else % use polar coordinates with the default theta defaultcoord2=1; cartesianflag=0; end if nargin>=4 defautlcoord2=0; if isstr(varargin{2}) & strcmp(varargin{2},'cart') cartesianflag=1; % use cartesian coordinates with specified y else % use polar coordinates with the specified theta cartesianflag=0; end end if cartesianflag % cartesian (x,y) domain supplied x=r; if min(size(x))==1 % map is 2->1 on a cartesian domain if size(x,1) 1 % map is 2->2 on a cartesian domain if defaultcoord2 y=transpose(x); else y=theta; end z=zeros(size(x,1),size(x,2),size(params,1)); % need this since zeros(size(y),10) gives a 2D matrix even if y is 2D! (Matlab feature.) else z=zeros(size(x),size(params,1)); end [theta,r]=cart2pol(x,y); % convert to polar coords for calculation else % polar (r,theta) domain supplied if min(size(r))==1 % map is 2->1 on a polar domain if size(r,1)=4 lambda=params(:,4); else lambda=1064e-9; end if size(params,2)>=5 a=params(:,5); else a=ones(size(q)); end w=w_(q,lambda); if min(size(r))>=2 for u=1:size(params,1) z(:,:,u) = a(u)... .* sqrt(2*factorial(p(u))/(1+(m(u)==0))/pi/(factorial( m(u)+p(u) )))/w(u)... .* (sqrt(2)*r/w(u)).^m(u) .*exp(1i*signm(u)*m(u).*theta).* LaguerrePoly([p(u),m(u)],2*r.^2/w(u).^2)... .* exp( -1i*2*pi/lambda(u)*r.^2/2/q(u)) + a(u)... .* sqrt(2*factorial(p(u))/(1+((-m(u))==0))/pi/(factorial( (-m(u))+p(u) )))/w(u)... .* (sqrt(2)*r/w(u)).^(-m(u)) .*exp(1i*signm(u)*(-m(u)).*theta).* LaguerrePoly([p(u),(-m(u))],2*r.^2/w(u).^2)... .* exp( -1i*2*pi/lambda(u)*r.^2/2/q(u)); end else for u=1:size(params,1) z(:,u) = a(u)... .* sqrt(2*factorial(p(u))/(1+(m(u)==0))/pi/(factorial( m(u)+p(u) )))/w(u)... .* (sqrt(2)*r/w(u)).^m(u) .*exp(1i*signm(u)*m(u).*theta).* LaguerrePoly([p(u),m(u)],2*r.^2/w(u).^2)... .* exp( -1i*2*pi/lambda(u)*r.^2/2/q(u)) + a(u)... .* sqrt(2*factorial(p(u))/(1+((-m(u))==0))/pi/(factorial( (-m(u))+p(u) )))/w(u)... .* (sqrt(2)*r/w(u)).^(-m(u)) .*exp(1i*signm(u)*(-m(u)).*theta).* LaguerrePoly([p(u),(-m(u))],2*r.^2/w(u).^2)... .* exp( -1i*2*pi/lambda(u)*r.^2/2/q(u)); end end