From b3c921f6e78472fcbd69ae248ca636686cd5d4cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eugeniy Mikhailov <evgmik@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2013 17:38:34 -0400
Subject: manual source dir properly named

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+\chapter*{Introduction}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Introduction}
+	Welcome to Experimental Atomic Physics Laboratory! What is
+	this class all about?  In this class you will learn more
+	details about how experimental physics is done. The
+	experiments you do here will help you further learn the
+	concepts you are being introduced to in Physics 201, Modern
+	Physics. You will learn by doing. You will learn about the
+	scientific process and be introduced to what it takes to be a
+	physicist. Hopefully, you will have fun too! You will be doing
+.	some experiments which are very fundamental, some of which
+	have won the Nobel Prize!
+
+The goals of this class are to:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item  Gain understanding of physical principles.
+\item  Become familiar with the setup of experimental equipment, how to
+ use equipment, and how to make measurements.
+\item  Learn how to analyze your data, determine the error in your data, 
+how to graph data and how to fit the data to a curve to extract parameters.
+\item Learn how to draw conclusions from your data.
+\item  Learn how to keep a scientific journal.
+\item Learn how to approach a problem
+\item Learn to communicate your findings to other people in a way which is 
+clear and concise. 
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Some or most of these principles you were introduced to in Physics
+Laboratory 101. How is this class different? The experiments you will
+do are taking you a step closer to the work that actual physicsist do
+in the laboratory. You will be repeating some very fundamental,
+complex experiments through which physical principles were discovered.
+You will be carrying out the steps required to do experimental
+physics: setup equipment, make measurements, record data, analyze
+data, draw conclusions and communicate your findings in a scientific
+report.  You may say, well, I am only going to be a theorist, or a
+banker, why should I care about experimental physics? Well, atleast
+you should learn about the scientific process so that when you hear
+about some major scientific discovery you can judge its merit. In this
+way you will learn what it takes to extract a physical principle from
+an experiment, so you understand how scientists make the connections
+that they do, and what the limitations are to scientific
+experimentation.
+
+This laboratory manual briefly summarizes the principles of general
+laboratory practice, treatment of error and curve fitting, how to
+write a laboratory report, and then each of the laboratories you will
+be conducting this semester. Please read the chapter on the experiment
+you will do before you do the actual experiment.
+
+
+\section*{General Laboratory Practices}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item When conducting your experiments- be safe! You will be using
+   equipment which poses some hazards, such as lasers and high-voltage
+   power supplies. Listen to the safety instructions and heed
+   them. Also, if a piece of equipment isn’t working even after you
+   have followed all the instructions, be careful what you fiddle
+   with! Some fiddling is good, but if you are planning to do anything
+   major (like take a piece of equipment apart), it is best to ask an
+   instructor first. Also, it is generally good lab practice not to
+   eat or drink in the lab. It keeps crumbs and liquid out the
+   equipment, and prevents you from eating or drinking something you
+   didn’t intend to.
+
+ 
+\item Keep a good laboratory book and record your data and the steps you
+   take! It is recommended you buy a separate notebook to keep as a
+   laboratory journal. Don’t scribble inledigbly on pieces of scrap
+   paper you will only lose later. When conducting an experiment,
+   right down what you did, how you setup the equipment and if
+   anything unusual happened. Write down data in a neat and organized
+   way. The goal is to read and understand what you did after you
+   leave the laboratory. Don’t think this is trivial! Major scientific
+   discoveries were made because of some anomaly in data, which
+   scientists were able to exactly repeat because they had recorded
+   exactly what they did! If you are a research scientist in a
+   corporation and you make a discovery like this and couldn’t repeat
+   the conditions under which it was found- you would be in big
+   trouble!
+
+\item  Related to the last point: don’t leave this laboratory for the day
+without making sure you understand your data. You won’t be able to go
+back and redo the experiment- so it is best to check your data and
+make sure it is reasonable.  4. +Do not fudge data! If your data is
+off and you admit it and speculate why it is off, you will be given
+credit for this. Everyone has a bad day. Forging data not only breaks
+the Honor Code but is also a very, very bad habit which can have
+serious consequences in the future. Some sceintists have been tempted
+under pressure to do this. Those who did were usually found out and
+the ramifications are very serious. Not only does it hurt society, but
+the scientists found doing this ruined their careers. See the book, “”
+for further discussion of this problem.  
+
+\item  Treatment of errors/curve
+fitting
+
+\item  How to Write a Lab Report
+
+\framebox{You are not writing a laboratory report just for a grade! It is
+important that you learn how to communicate your findings. In reading
+your report, someone should be able to understand: your hypothesis or
+theory, 1) how you did the experiment, 2) what equipment you used 3)
+did anything unusual happen? conditions? data – in table and graph
+form, analysis you did, conclusions, If anything strange happened-
+mention it! If someone cannot tell what you did or gather useful
+information, your paper is worthless!}
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item[TITLE OF EXPERIMENT]
+\item[LIST PARTNERS by name]
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+The components of your laboratory report shall include:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[INTRODUCTION]:      Briefly state objective(s) of experiment 
+\item[THEORY]:    Introduce important equations or at least restate in 
+your own words;
+                Specify any "Working Eqs.", defining the variables involved.
+\item[PROCEDURES] :
+                Describe in terms of equipment and layout diagrams,
+                Describe important steps in producing data,
+                Describe variables to be measured.
+\item[DATA / ANALYSIS TABLES]:
+                Present data in spreadsheet form (rows \& columns which are 
+clearly defined). 
+                Analyzed results can be listed in the same spreadsheet.
+\item[DATA ANALYSIS]: Carry out explicit "sample calculations" to show how 
+results are produced
+Results  can appear in DATA / ANALYSIS TABLES
+\item[CONCLUSIONS]: Conclusions should be developed; attempt to put them in 
+quantitative terms
+
+\end{description}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\fbox{this is some text.}
+\newpage
+
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